
Toward an Open System: Ernst Bloch’s ‘Not-Yet-Being’ Ontology and Its Philosophical Implications
- 1 Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Ernst Bloch, as a pivotal figure in early Western Marxism, constructed his philosophy of hope centered on the ontology of ‘not-yet-being’ (noch-nicht-sein), offering a groundbreaking perspective for traditional philosophical systems. This study traces the conceptual history of his system, analyzes Bloch's original texts, and compares his thought with other Marxist scholars to reveal the uniqueness of his ontology: beyond the binary opposition of being and non-being, Bloch introduces ‘not-yet-being' as a dynamic, processual concept, redefining existence as a perpetually unfolding and incomplete state. This ontology synthesizes the Left Aristotelian theory of potentiality, the openness of Hegelian dialectics, and Marx’s historical materialism, forming a generative logic of ‘nothingness-not-yet-all.’ Bloch’s system not only deconstructs ontological closure but also, through the concept of an ‘open cosmos,’ interprets cultural phenomena as unfinished processes imbued with utopian impulses, endowing them with dual significance for both understanding and transforming the world. This paper argues that Bloch’s open system responds to the 20th-century crisis of spirit while providing methodological insights for contemporary systems research. By emphasizing indeterminacy and possibility, his philosophy pioneers a path for constructing autonomous knowledge systems beyond Euro-centrism, offering critical inspiration for transcending metaphysical constraints and engaging with multicultural realities.
Keywords
Bloch, not-yet, ontology, openness, system
[1]. Zhu, B. (2001). The ontology of hope versus the ontology of praxis: A comparative study—On Bloch's reconstruction of Marxist ontology. Social Sciences in Nanjing, 12, 10–14.
[2]. Xia, W., & Gao, L. (2020). Is Bloch's philosophy a creative Marxism? Studies on Foreign Marxism, 8, 87–94.
[3]. Jin, S. (2009). Nothing-not-yet-all: On Ernst Bloch's ontology of not-yet-being. Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 31(2), 39–45.
[4]. Zhou, H. (2009). The ontology of not-yet-being: The logical core of utopian philosophy. Study & Exploration, 4, 21–23.
[5]. Boldyrev, I. (2023). Ernst Bloch. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Spring 2023 ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/bloch/
[6]. Bloch, E. (2018). Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left (L. Goldman & P. Thompson, Trans.). Columbia University Press. (Original work published 1952)
[7]. Aristotle. (1982). Physics (Z. Wu, Trans.). The Commercial Press. (Original work published ca. 350 BCE)
[8]. Bloch, E. (1970). Tübinger Einleitung in die Philosophie. Suhrkamp Verlag.
[9]. Bloch, E. (1962). Sujekt-Objekt. Erläuterungen zu Hegel. Suhrkamp Verlag.
[10]. Jin, S. (2013). Comprehension and appropriation: Ernst Bloch on Hegel's dialectical legacy. Modern Philosophy, 4, 1–6.
[11]. Bloch, E. (1986). The Principle of Hope (N. Plaice, S. Plaice, & P. Knight, Trans.; Vol. 1). The MIT Press. (Original work published 1959)
[12]. Hudson, W. (1982). The Marxist philosophy of Ernst Bloch. Macmillan Press.
[13]. Wang, B., & Liu, Z. (2018). Bloch's ontology of "not-yet-being" and its theoretical implications for Marxist philosophy. Guizhou Social Sciences, 10, 10–16.
[14]. Žižek, S., et al. (2013). The Privatization of Hope: Ernst Bloch and the Future of Utopia. Duke University Press.
[15]. Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1976). Collected works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Vol. 5. Theses on Feuerbach, The German ideology and related manuscripts (1845-1847). International Publishers.
[16]. Bloch, E. (2000). The Spirit of Utopia (A. A. Nassar, Trans.). Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1918)
[17]. Sartre, J.-P. (2007). Existentialism is a Humanism (C. Macomber, Trans.). Yale University Press. (Original work published 1946)
[18]. Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2005). Collected works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Vol. 3. Works of 1843-1844, including "Critique of Hegel's philosophy of right" and "Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844". International Publishers.
[19]. Benjamin, W. (1968). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (H. Zohn, Trans.). Schocken Books. (Original essay published 1936)
[20]. Bloch, E. (1986). The Principle of Hope (N. Plaice, S. Plaice, & P. Knight, Trans.; Vol. 2). The MIT Press. (Original work published 1959)
[21]. Berman, M. (1988). All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. Penguin Books. (Original work published 1982)
Cite this article
Sun,K. (2025). Toward an Open System: Ernst Bloch’s ‘Not-Yet-Being’ Ontology and Its Philosophical Implications. Advances in Humanities Research,12(1),62-68.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Journal:Advances in Humanities Research
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).