The fundamental theory of quantum computing, applications in practical fields, and future challenges

Research Article
Open access

The fundamental theory of quantum computing, applications in practical fields, and future challenges

Shengyu Hung 1*
  • 1 The State University of New York at Stony Brook    
  • *corresponding author shengyuhung0329@gmail.com
Published on 23 October 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/18/20230976
ACE Vol.18
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-027-1
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-028-8

Abstract

Building on the fundamental principles of quantum computing, this paper sequentially presents the development of quantum computing and its associated application domains. We also analyze and compare the differences between quantum and classical computing, highlighting the benefits of quantum computing for specific problems. To comprehend the advantages of quantum computing in particular fields, extensive research has been conducted in three areas: cryptography, chemistry, and artificial intelligence. We also discuss the wider applications of this emerging technology for future investigation, considering the current state of quantum computing development and anticipated trends.

Keywords:

quantum computing, qubits, shor algorithm, grover algorithm, quantum key distribution

Hung,S. (2023). The fundamental theory of quantum computing, applications in practical fields, and future challenges. Applied and Computational Engineering,18,117-123.
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References

[1]. Argonne National Laboratory, Remembering Paul Benioff, renowned scientist and quantum computing pioneer, 11-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.anl.gov/article/remembering-paul-benioff-renowned-scientist-and-quantum-computing-pioneer. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[2]. R. P. Feynman, "Quantum mechanical computers," Optics News, 01-Feb-1985. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1364/ON.11.2.000011. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[3]. R. P. Feynman, "Simulating physics with computers - International Journal of Theoretical Physics," SpringerLink, 1982. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02650179. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[4]. Peter W. Shor, Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer, 1999. [Online]. Available: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/S0036144598347011. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[5]. Ivan Djordjevic, "Quantum Information Processing and quantum error correction," ScienceDirect, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123854919/quantum-information-processing-and-quantum-error-correction. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[6]. arvindpdmn Preena Patel, "Qubit," Devopedia, 30-Jan-2022. [Online]. Available: https://devopedia.org/qubit. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[7]. P. W. Shor, "Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer," arXiv.org, 25-Jan-1996. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9508027. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[8]. L. K. Grover, "A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search," arXiv.org, 19-Nov-1996. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9605043. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[9]. L. K. Grover, "Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a Haystack," arXiv.org, 17-Jul-1997. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9706033. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[10]. A. S. Gillis, "What is quantum key distribution (QKD) and how does it work?," security, 30-Nov-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/quantum-key-distribution-QKD. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[11]. ID Quantique SA, “Quantum Key Distribution,” ID Quantique, 16-Jan-2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.idquantique.com/quantum-safe-security/quantum-key-distribution/?utm_source=google_ads_search&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw_YShBhAiEiwAMomsEHQLvnZoTnjSCS62zKV-ZzMAaqpr1wRjEnqmQovUWdKgh5QZmlOJoxoCkoQQAvD_BwE. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[12]. B. Yirka, "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date," Phys.org, 28-Aug-2020. [Online]. Available: https://phys.org/news/2020-08-google-largest-chemical-simulation-quantum.html. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[13]. Xiao Yuan, "A quantum-computing advantage for chemistry | science," A quantum-computing advantage for chemistry, 28-Aug-2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd3880. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[14]. TensorFlow, "Tensorflow Quantum," TensorFlow, 19-Dec-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.tensorflow.org/quantum?hl=zh-cn. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[15]. Hugh Collins and Chris Nay, "IBM unveils 400 qubit-plus quantum processor and next-generation IBM Quantum System Two," IBM Newsroom, 09-Nov-2022. [Online]. Available: https://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-11-09-IBM-Unveils-400-Qubit-Plus-Quantum-Processor-and-Next-Generation-IBM-Quantum-System-Two. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[16]. Kortny Rolston-Duce, "Quantinuum announces a world record in fidelity for quantum computing qubits," Accelerating Quantum Computing, 03-Mar-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.quantinuum.com/news/quantinuum-announces-a-world-record-in-fidelity-for-quantum-computing-qubits. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[17]. Lars S. Madsen, Fabian Laudenbach, and Mohsen Falamarzi. Askarani, "Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor," Nature, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04725-x. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[18]. J. Gambetta, "Quantum-centric supercomputing: The Next Wave of computing," IBM Research Blog, 22-Dec-2022. [Online]. Available: https://research.ibm.com/blog/next-wave-quantum-centric-supercomputing. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[19]. IBM, "IBM Quantum Computing: Roadmap," IBM Quantum Computing | Roadmap, 01-Oct-2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ibm.com/quantum/roadmap. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[20]. S. Stanwyck, "Nvidia sets world record for quantum computing simulation with Cuquantum running on DGX superpod," NVIDIA Blog, 28-Apr-2022. [Online]. Available: https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/11/09/cuquantum-world-record/. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

Cite this article

Hung,S. (2023). The fundamental theory of quantum computing, applications in practical fields, and future challenges. Applied and Computational Engineering,18,117-123.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computing and Data Science

ISBN：978-1-83558-027-1(Print) / 978-1-83558-028-8(Online)
Editor：Marwan Omar, Roman Bauer, Alan Wang
Conference website: https://2023.confcds.org/
Conference date: 14 July 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.18
ISSN：2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Argonne National Laboratory, Remembering Paul Benioff, renowned scientist and quantum computing pioneer, 11-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.anl.gov/article/remembering-paul-benioff-renowned-scientist-and-quantum-computing-pioneer. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[2]. R. P. Feynman, "Quantum mechanical computers," Optics News, 01-Feb-1985. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1364/ON.11.2.000011. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[3]. R. P. Feynman, "Simulating physics with computers - International Journal of Theoretical Physics," SpringerLink, 1982. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02650179. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[4]. Peter W. Shor, Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer, 1999. [Online]. Available: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/S0036144598347011. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[5]. Ivan Djordjevic, "Quantum Information Processing and quantum error correction," ScienceDirect, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123854919/quantum-information-processing-and-quantum-error-correction. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[6]. arvindpdmn Preena Patel, "Qubit," Devopedia, 30-Jan-2022. [Online]. Available: https://devopedia.org/qubit. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[7]. P. W. Shor, "Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer," arXiv.org, 25-Jan-1996. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9508027. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[8]. L. K. Grover, "A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search," arXiv.org, 19-Nov-1996. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9605043. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[9]. L. K. Grover, "Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a Haystack," arXiv.org, 17-Jul-1997. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9706033. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[10]. A. S. Gillis, "What is quantum key distribution (QKD) and how does it work?," security, 30-Nov-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/quantum-key-distribution-QKD. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[11]. ID Quantique SA, “Quantum Key Distribution,” ID Quantique, 16-Jan-2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.idquantique.com/quantum-safe-security/quantum-key-distribution/?utm_source=google_ads_search&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw_YShBhAiEiwAMomsEHQLvnZoTnjSCS62zKV-ZzMAaqpr1wRjEnqmQovUWdKgh5QZmlOJoxoCkoQQAvD_BwE. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[12]. B. Yirka, "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date," Phys.org, 28-Aug-2020. [Online]. Available: https://phys.org/news/2020-08-google-largest-chemical-simulation-quantum.html. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[13]. Xiao Yuan, "A quantum-computing advantage for chemistry | science," A quantum-computing advantage for chemistry, 28-Aug-2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd3880. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[14]. TensorFlow, "Tensorflow Quantum," TensorFlow, 19-Dec-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.tensorflow.org/quantum?hl=zh-cn. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[15]. Hugh Collins and Chris Nay, "IBM unveils 400 qubit-plus quantum processor and next-generation IBM Quantum System Two," IBM Newsroom, 09-Nov-2022. [Online]. Available: https://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-11-09-IBM-Unveils-400-Qubit-Plus-Quantum-Processor-and-Next-Generation-IBM-Quantum-System-Two. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[16]. Kortny Rolston-Duce, "Quantinuum announces a world record in fidelity for quantum computing qubits," Accelerating Quantum Computing, 03-Mar-2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.quantinuum.com/news/quantinuum-announces-a-world-record-in-fidelity-for-quantum-computing-qubits. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[17]. Lars S. Madsen, Fabian Laudenbach, and Mohsen Falamarzi. Askarani, "Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor," Nature, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04725-x. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[18]. J. Gambetta, "Quantum-centric supercomputing: The Next Wave of computing," IBM Research Blog, 22-Dec-2022. [Online]. Available: https://research.ibm.com/blog/next-wave-quantum-centric-supercomputing. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[19]. IBM, "IBM Quantum Computing: Roadmap," IBM Quantum Computing | Roadmap, 01-Oct-2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ibm.com/quantum/roadmap. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

[20]. S. Stanwyck, "Nvidia sets world record for quantum computing simulation with Cuquantum running on DGX superpod," NVIDIA Blog, 28-Apr-2022. [Online]. Available: https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/11/09/cuquantum-world-record/. [Accessed: 20-Apr-2023].

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