
Rethinking the Debate over Motherhood Protection During the Taisho Period
- 1 Institute of Northeast Asia, Shan Dong University
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Motherhood protection means that the government provides protective measures to help mothers during pregnancy and childbirth. During Taisho period, there was a heated discussion over motherhood protection among feminists. The leading feminists in this discussion, Hiratsuka Raicho and Yosano Akiko, held totally opposed ideas towards motherhood protection. It is worth noting that the differences in their views are mainly due to their different life experiences. This heated debate lasted for several years, although it did not reach a concrete conclusion, it left a valuable legacy for later generations of feminists. Analyzing the reasons for their different attitudes and exploring the theoretical logic behind their different attitudes can provide lessons for solving the problems of low fertility and motherhood protection in Japan and the world today. To truly protect women's interest and promote gender equality, motherhood protection should focuses more on the plight of women due to childbirth than national interest, making becoming a mother no longer be an obstacle to women's self-achievement and personal independence.
Keywords
Japanese feminism movement, motherhood protection, Yosano Akiko, Hiratsuka Raicho
[1]. Tomida, H. (2004) The Controversy over the Protection of Motherhood and its Impact upon the Japanese Women's Movement. European Journal of East Asian studies, 3, 243-271.
[2]. Lowy, D. (2004) Love and Marriage: Ellen Key and Hiratsuka Raichō Explore Alternatives. Women's Studies, 33, 361-380.
[3]. Maxson, H. (2018) From Motherhood in the Interest of the State to Motherhood in the Interest of Mothers: Rethinking the First Mothers’ Congress. Rethinking Japanese Feminisms. University of Hawaii Press, 34-49.
[4]. Mackie, V. Feminism in modern Japan: Citizenship, embodiment and sexuality. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[5]. Larson, P.H. (1991) Yosano Akiko and the Re-Creation of the Female Self: An Autogynography. The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, 25, 11-26.
[6]. Lin, X. (2017) Exploration of Hiratsuka Raicho's Idea of Female Emancipation. MA thesis, Jilin University, 2017.
[7]. Akiko, Y. (1918) Joshi No Tetteishita Dokuritsu (Women’s Complete Independence). Fujin koron, 385-86.
[8]. Raicho, H. (1918) Bosei Hogo No Shucho Wa Iraishugi Ka (Is the Motherhood Protection a Kind of Indenpendent?). Fujin koron, 3, 87
[9]. Du, F.Y. (2016) On Hiratsuka Raicho's Ideas of Women's Liberation. MA thesis, Northeast Normal University.
[10]. Xie, C.B. and Tong, J. (2018) Analysis of Feminist Thought with Yosano Akiko. Japanese Studies, 2, 91-96.
Cite this article
Li,K. (2021). Rethinking the Debate over Motherhood Protection During the Taisho Period. Advances in Social Behavior Research,1,41-49.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Journal:Advances in Social Behavior Research
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).