[1]. Timmis, A., et al. (2020). European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular disease statistics 2019. European Heart Journal, 41(12), 12–85.

[2]. Spn, M., Newman, S., Newman, S. P., & Harrison, M. J. (2002). Coronary-artery bypass surgery and the brain: Persisting concerns. The Lancet Neurology, 1. http://neurology.thelancet.com

[3]. Bhatnagar, A. (2017). Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research, 121, 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.306458

[4]. Wang, N., et al. (2022). Histone lactylation boosts reparative gene activation post-myocardial infarction. Circulation Research, 131, 893–908.

[5]. Wu, Y., et al. (2023). Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activates PKM2 to phosphorylate histone H3T11 and attenuate cellular senescence. Nature Communications, 14.

[6]. Shi, Y., et al. (2022). Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01055-2

[7]. Chistiakov, D. A., Orekhov, A. N., & Bobryshev, Y. V. (2017). Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. International Journal of Cardiology, 227, 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204

[8]. Zillich, A. J., Garg, J., Basu, S., Bakris, G. L., & Carter, B. L. (2006). Thiazide diuretics, potassium, and the development of diabetes: A quantitative review. Hypertension, 48(2), 219–224.

[9]. Gutiérrez-Repiso, C., et al. (2021). Epigenetic biomarkers of transition from metabolically healthy obesity to metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotype: A prospective study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22.

[10]. Berger, S. L., Kouzarides, T., Shiekhattar, R., & Shilatifard, A. (2009). An operational definition of epigenetics. Genes & Development, 23(7), 781–783.

[11]. Liu, S., et al. (2021). Fat mass and obesity-associated protein regulates RNA methylation associated with depression-like behavior in mice. Nature Communications, 12.

[12]. Zehender, A., et al. (2021). TGFβ promotes fibrosis by MYST1-dependent epigenetic regulation of autophagy. Nature Communications, 12.

[13]. Lawrence, M., Daujat, S., & Schneider, R. (2016). Lateral thinking: How histone modifications regulate gene expression. Trends in Genetics.

[14]. Kim, G. H., Ryan, J. J., & Archer, S. L. (2013). The role of redox signaling in epigenetics and cardiovascular disease. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 18(14), 1920–1936.

[15]. Koprinarova, M., Schnekenburger, M., & Diederich, M. (2016). Role of histone acetylation in cell cycle regulation. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 16(7), 732–744.

[16]. Celano, M., et al. (2018). Targeting post-translational histone modifications for the treatment of non-medullary thyroid cancer. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 469, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.036

[17]. Yang, Y., Luan, Y., Yuan, R. X., & Luan, Y. (2021). Histone methylation-related therapeutic challenge in cardiovascular diseases. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.710053

[18]. Barros, C. H. N., et al. (2021). Synthesis and self-assembly of curcumin-modified amphiphilic polymeric micelles with antibacterial activity. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 19.

[19]. Mäntylä, E. (2018). Import and impact: Characterization of parvovirus-nucleus interactions.

[20]. Audia, J. E., & Campbell, R. M. (2016). Histone modifications and cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 8.

[21]. Tompkins, B. A., & Salerno, T. A. (2021). Commentary: What does the future hold for coronary bypass surgery? Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 162, 1120–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.01.029

[22]. Head, S. J., Milojevic, M., Taggart, D. P., & Puskas, J. D. (2017). Current practice of state-of-the-art surgical coronary revascularization. Circulation, 136(12), 1331–1345.

[23]. Head, S. J., & Kappetein, A. P. (2019). Coronary bypass surgery — An ART for dedicated surgeons. New England Journal of Medicine, 380, 489–491.

[24]. Brierley, J. B. (1963). Neuropathological findings in patients dying after open-heart surgery. Thorax, 18.

[25]. Perros, A. J., et al. (2020). Coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with immunoparalysis of monocytes and dendritic cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 24(9), 4791–4803.

[26]. An, P., et al. (2022). Micronutrient supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 80(23), 2269–2285.

[27]. Mosca, L., et al. (1997). Antioxidant nutrient supplementation reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease.

[28]. Lykkesfeldt, J., Michels, A. J., & Frei, B. (2014). Vitamin C. Advances in Nutrition, 5(1), 16–18.

[29]. Moser, M. A., & Chun, O. K. (2016). Vitamin C and heart health: A review based on findings from epidemiologic studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081328

[30]. Chen, X., et al. (2023). Copper homeostasis and copper-induced cell death in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic strategies. Cell Death & Disease, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05639-w

[31]. Oparil, S., et al. (2018). Hypertension. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.14

[32]. Fihn, S. D., et al. (2012). 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 60.

[33]. Laurent, S. (2017). Antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacological Research, 124, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.026

[34]. Weinberger, M. H. (n.d.). Diuretics and their side effects dilemma in the treatment of hypertension. Hypertension. http://hyper.ahajournals.org/

[35]. Ho, K. M., & Power, B. M. (2010). Benefits and risks of furosemide in acute kidney injury. Anaesthesia, 65(3), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06228.x

[36]. Mas, J.-L., et al. (2017). Patent foramen ovale closure or anticoagulation vs. antiplatelets after stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(11), 1011–1021.

[37]. Xia, S., et al. (2020). Sex differences in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in China. Circulation, 141(7), 530–539.

[38]. Kohli, P., et al. (2014). Discharge aspirin dose and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with prasugrel versus clopidogrel: An analysis from the TRITON-TIMI 38 study (trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 38). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63(3), 225–232.

[39]. Johnston, S. C., et al. (2019). Time course for benefit and risk of clopidogrel and aspirin after acute transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke. Circulation, 140(8), 658–664. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040713

[40]. Khyzha, N., Alizada, A., Wilson, M. D., & Fish, J. E. (2017). Epigenetics of atherosclerosis: Emerging mechanisms and methods. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 23(4), 332–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.008

[41]. Xu, S., Pelisek, J., & Jin, Z. G. (2018). Atherosclerosis is an epigenetic disease. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(11), 739–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.003

[42]. Zhang, D., et al. (2019). Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation. Nature, 574(7779), 575–580. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1678-1

[43]. Yunna, C., Mengru, H., Lei, W., & Weidong, C. (2020). Macrophage M1/M2 polarization. European Journal of Pharmacology, 877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173090

[44]. Chen, M. S., Lee, R. T., & Garbern, J. C. (2022). Senescence mechanisms and targets in the heart. Cardiovascular Research, 118(5), 1173–1187. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab288

[45]. Man, A. W. C., Li, H., & Xia, N. (2019). The role of Sirtuin1 in regulating endothelial function, arterial remodeling and vascular aging. Frontiers in Physiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00918

[46]. Sessa, W. C. (2004). eNOS at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 117(12), 2427–2429. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01245

[47]. Gan, Y., et al. (2005). Role of histone deacetylation in cell-specific expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280(17), 16467–16475. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M414065200

[48]. Hesham, H. M., Lasheen, D. S., & Abouzid, K. A. M. (2018). Chimeric HDAC inhibitors: Comprehensive review on the HDAC-based strategies developed to combat cancer. Medicinal Research Reviews, 38(6), 2058–2109. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21488

[49]. Yoon, S., & Eom, G. H. (2016). HDAC and HDAC inhibitor: From cancer to cardiovascular diseases. Chonnam Medical Journal, 52(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2016.52.1.1

[50]. Ooi, J. Y. Y., et al. (2015). HDAC inhibition attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by acetylation and deacetylation of target genes. Epigenetics, 10(5), 418–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2015.1039227

[51]. Han, Y., Nie, J., Wang, D. W., & Ni, L. (2022). Mechanism of histone deacetylases in cardiac hypertrophy and its therapeutic inhibitors. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.887258

[52]. Liu, C. F., & Tang, W. H. W. (2019). Epigenetics in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 4(8), 976–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.09.005

[53]. Kurdi, M., & Booz, G. W. (2011). Three 4-letter words of hypertension-related cardiac hypertrophy: TRPC, mTOR, and HDAC. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 50(6), 964–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.11.016

[54]. Zhao, T., et al. (2021). Selective HDAC8 inhibition attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via p38 MAPK pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.673859

[55]. Li, P., Ge, J., & Li, H. (2020). Lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases as targets for cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 17(2), 96–115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-019-0256-5

[56]. Chen, C.-N., et al. (2023). Restoration of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by HDAC-dependent epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in resolving pulmonary arterial hypertension pathology. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 208. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202305-0843OC

[57]. Molife, R., et al. (2007). HDAC inhibitors and cardiac safety. Clinical Cancer Research, 13(4), 1068. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2283

[58]. Lkhagva, B., et al. (2016). Targeting histone deacetylases: A novel therapeutic strategy for atrial fibrillation. European Journal of Pharmacology, 781, 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.027

[59]. Scholz, B., et al. (2019). HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor valproic acid attenuates atrial remodeling and delays the onset of atrial fibrillation in mice. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007071

[60]. Lee, D. Y., & Chiu, J. J. (2019). Atherosclerosis and flow: Roles of epigenetic modulation in vascular endothelium. Journal of Biomedical Science, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0522-x

[61]. Ho, T. C. S., Chan, A. H. Y., & Ganesan, A. (2020). Thirty years of HDAC inhibitors: 2020 insight and hindsight. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 63(21), 12460–12484. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00487

[62]. Dawson, M. A., & Kouzarides, T. (2012). Cancer epigenetics: From mechanism to therapy. Cell, 150(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.013

[63]. Kumar, A., et al. (2023). Major phytochemicals: Recent advances in health benefits and extraction method. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010324

[64]. Petrovski, G., Gurusamy, N., & Das, D. K. (2011). Resveratrol in cardiovascular health and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1215, 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05850.x

[65]. Evans, L. W., Athukorala, M., Martinez-Guryn, K., & Ferguson, B. S. (2020). The role of histone acetylation and the microbiome in phytochemical efficacy for cardiovascular diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(23), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239249

[66]. Indira Priyadarsini, K. (2014). The chemistry of curcumin: From extraction to therapeutic agent. Molecules, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190912300

[67]. Tian, B., & Liu, J. (2020). Resveratrol: A review of plant sources, synthesis, stability, modification and food application. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(4), 1392–1404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10152

[68]. Kumar Singh, A., Bishayee, A., & Pandey, A. K. (2018). Targeting histone deacetylases with natural and synthetic agents: An emerging anticancer strategy. Nutrients, 10(6), 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060731

[69]. Lu, L., Liu, M., Sun, R. R., Zheng, Y., & Zhang, P. (2015). Myocardial infarction: Symptoms and treatments. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 72(3), 865–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-015-0533-4

[70]. Taqueti, V. R., & O’Gara, P. T. (2015). Beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction: More questions than answers. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66(13), 1442–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.002

[71]. Arslan, F. B., Ozturk, K., & Calis, S. (2021). Antibody-mediated drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 596.

[72]. Chang, S. F., et al. (2022). Blood reflux-induced epigenetic factors HDACs and DNMTs are associated with the development of human chronic venous disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23.

[73]. David Strain, W., & Paldánius, P. M. (2018). Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and the microcirculation. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 17(57).

[74]. Ding, Y., et al. (2022). Application of lipid nanovesicle drug delivery system in cancer immunotherapy. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 20, 214.

[75]. Drummond, D. C., et al. (2005). Enhanced pharmacodynamic and antitumor properties of a histone deacetylase inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes or ErbB2-targeted immunoliposomes. Clinical Cancer Research, 11, 3392–3401.

[76]. Dyck, G. J. B., Raj, P., Zieroth, S., Dyck, J. R. B., & Ezekowitz, J. A. (2019). The effects of resveratrol in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure: A narrative review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20.

[77]. Eaton, D. M., et al. (2022). HDAC inhibition regulates cardiac function by increasing myofilament calcium sensitivity and decreasing diastolic tension. Pharmaceutics, 14.

[78]. Elagizi, A., Kachur, S., Carbone, S., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2020). A review of obesity, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease. Current Obesity Reports, 9, 571–581.

[79]. Evans, L. W., Athukorala, M., Martinez-Guryn, K., & Ferguson, B. S. (2020). The role of histone acetylation and the microbiome in phytochemical efficacy for cardiovascular diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21.

[80]. Fu, Z., Li, S., Han, S., Shi, C., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Antibody drug conjugate: The ‘biological missile’ for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7.

[81]. Guasch-Ferré, M., et al. (2020). Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis- and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related metabolites, Mediterranean diet, and type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111, 835–844.

[82]. Gunassekaran, G. R., Poongkavithai Vadevoo, S. M., Baek, M. C., & Lee, B. (2021). M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages. Biomaterials, 278.

[83]. Hong, J., et al. (2021). F. nucleatum targets lncRNA ENO1-IT1 to promote glycolysis and oncogenesis in colorectal cancer. Gut, 70, 2123–2137.

[84]. Jiang, J., et al. (2021). Lactate modulates cellular metabolism through histone lactylation-mediated gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 11.

[85]. Li, H., et al. (2021). Artificial exosomes mediated spatiotemporal-resolved and targeted delivery of epigenetic inhibitors. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 19, 364.

[86]. Liberti, M. V., & Locasale, J. W. (2020). Histone lactylation: A new role for glucose metabolism. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 45, 179–182.

[87]. Lindemann, H., et al. (2020). Polysaccharide nanoparticles bearing HDAC inhibitor as nontoxic nanocarrier for drug delivery. Macromolecular Bioscience, 20.

[88]. Lindemann, H., et al. (2023). HDACi delivery systems based on cellulose valproate nanoparticles. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2589, 195–205.

[89]. Lovelock, S. L., et al. (2022). The road to fully programmable protein catalysis. Nature, 606, 49–58.

[90]. Maniu, C. V., & Redfield, M. M. (2001). Diastolic dysfunction: Insights into pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2, 997–1008.

[91]. Melissaropoulos, K., et al. (2020). Primary Sjögren’s syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 18, 447–454.

[92]. Pan, L., et al. (2022). Demethylzeylasteral targets lactate by inhibiting histone lactylation to suppress the tumorigenicity of liver cancer stem cells. Pharmacological Research, 181.

[93]. Pivari, F., et al. (2022). Curcumin supplementation (Meriva®) modulates inflammation, lipid peroxidation and gut microbiota composition in chronic kidney disease. Nutrients, 14.

[94]. Qin, S., et al. (2017). Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition Journal, 16.

[95]. Rashid, M., Brim, H., & Ashktorab, H. (2022). Saffron, its active components, and their association with DNA and histone modification: A narrative review of current knowledge. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163317

[96]. Shah, R. R. (2019). Safety and tolerability of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in oncology. Drug Safety, 42, 235–245.

[97]. Silveira Rossi, J. L., et al. (2022). Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 38.

[98]. Sturgeon, K. M., et al. (2019). A population-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients. European Heart Journal, 40, 3889–3897.

[99]. Tong, X., et al. (2021). Generative models for de novo drug design. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 64, 14011–14027.

[100]. Torre, L. A., Siegel, R. L., Ward, E. M., & Jemal, A. (2016). Global cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends: An update. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 25, 16–27.

[101]. Waddell, I. S., & Orfila, C. (2023). Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63.

[102]. Wang, J., et al. (2022). Enterobacterial LPS-inducible LINC00152 is regulated by histone lactylation and promotes cancer cells invasion and migration. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12.

[103]. Yang, J., et al. (2022). A positive feedback loop between inactive VHL-triggered histone lactylation and PDGFRβ signaling drives clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 18, 3470–3483.

[104]. Yoon, S., et al. (2021). Circulation, 143, 1912–1925.

[105]. Yu, J., et al. (2021). Histone lactylation drives oncogenesis by facilitating m6A reader protein YTHDF2 expression in ocular melanoma. Genome Biology, 22.