This paper reviews the latest advances and applications of gene editing technologies in the study of aging-related genes. In recent years, gene editing has achieved significant progress in the biomedical field, with continual improvements in accuracy and efficiency. Gene editing technologies demonstrate unique advantages in aging research, providing powerful tools for elucidating aging mechanisms and developing anti-aging interventions. This paper offers a detailed overview of major gene editing technologies (such as the CRISPR/Cas system, TALENs, and ZFNs) as well as emerging editing techniques (including base editing, prime editing, and epigenetic editing), describing their principles and applications. It also discusses research progress in areas such as constructing aging gene models, disease models, in vivo editing, and in vitro editing. Furthermore, it analyzes current technological challenges and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. Finally, it considers future directions for the development of gene editing technologies in aging research, including technological innovation and integrated multi-technology applications. Through these advances and innovations, gene editing is expected to play an increasingly important role in the anti-aging field, offering new strategies and methods to promote human health and longevity.

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Cuticular wax forms the outermost barrier on aerial plant surfaces, playing pivotal roles in water retention, defense against pathogens and pests, and adaptation to abiotic stresses. In kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), naturally occurring glossy mutants lacking epicuticular wax exhibit heightened sensitivity to drought, increased pathogen susceptibility, and reduced post-harvest shelf life. This review synthesizes recent advances in the molecular, biochemical, and physiological understanding of wax deficiency in glossy kale. We detail the biosynthetic pathways responsible for wax component production, including very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongation, alkane and alcohol formation, and wax transport. The genetic and regulatory basis of glossiness is explored, highlighting mutations in core biosynthetic genes (CER1, CER3, KCS6, MAH1) and disruption of ABCG transporter-mediated export. Environmental and developmental regulation of wax production is examined, revealing complex interactions with drought, light, and organ identity. Finally, we evaluate breeding and biotechnological strategies for wax trait improvement, from marker-assisted selection to CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Understanding and manipulating cuticular wax biosynthesis in kale holds substantial promise for enhancing crop resilience, sustainability, and quality in a changing climate.

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There is currently little information on the effects of bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), two alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), on human endocrine systems; most research on these compounds is conducted on animal models. This study examines how BPA, BPS, and BPF bind to the human estrogen receptor alpha using molecular docking and dynamics, as well as the potential endocrine disruption caused by these substances in people. This research uses AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina to predict the binding locations of BPS and BPF inside the estrogen receptor’s ligand-binding domain (LBD). Gromacs 2021 molecular dynamics simulations were run for 200 ns in order to determine the binding free energies of BPA, BPS, and BPF as well as to evaluate the stability of docking data. Results indicate that BPS and BPF, similarly to BPA, bind stably to the estrogen receptor through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, indicating potential endocrine-disrupting effects. BPF exhibited the strongest binding affinity, primarily due to significant hydrophobic interactions involving residues like LEU346 and LEU384. BPA and BPF formed stable hydrogen bonds, whereas BPS displayed slightly lower stability and more varied interactions. Throughout the simulations, all ligands consistently occupied the receptor’s active site, highlighting persistent binding. These findings imply that BPS and BPF may pose comparable health risks to BPA, though their unique interaction patterns suggest different underlying mechanisms. Experimental validation in human systems is critical to corroborate these computational predictions and evaluate the safety of BPA substitutes.

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The food processing industry generates large quantities of wastewater rich in organic matter and nutrients, which poses significant environmental pressures while also serving as a valuable resource carrier. The sector is transitioning from simple compliance-based discharge to an integrated management model of “reduction–reuse–resource recovery.” For water reclamation, multi-layer membrane technologies have become the mainstream advanced treatment approach, significantly increasing reuse rates. Treated water can be used for cooling, washing, and even certain production processes, effectively reducing freshwater consumption. In terms of resource recovery, anaerobic digestion technology has matured and is widely applied for biogas production, while recovering high-value substances from wastewater has become a research focus. Nevertheless, challenges such as large fluctuations in wastewater composition, high treatment costs, and incomplete regulatory standards for reclaimed water and by-products (e.g., fertilizers) hinder wider adoption. Moving forward, it is essential to strengthen collaboration among industry, academia, and research institutions to develop more economical and adaptable integrated technological solutions, fostering closed-loop water resource management and promoting green, low-carbon development in the food processing industry.

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