Objective: This study aims to screen brewing sorghum materials from sorghum germplasm resources and conduct differential analysis, in order to address the issues of cultivar degradation and varietal homogenization. Methods: UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics was employed to analyze primary metabolites in five sorghum cultivars. Multivariate statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were used in combination with metabolic pathway enrichment analysis to systematically explore the effects of varietal differences on sorghum primary metabolite profiles. Results: A total of 503 metabolites were detected in this study. Statistical analyses indicated that sorghum cultivar had a significant influence on both the composition and abundance of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model revealed distinct clustering among the cultivar samples, suggesting that primary metabolic profiles exhibit cultivar specificity. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that the metabolic differences among cultivars were mainly concentrated in pathways related to amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with changes in flavonoid compounds being particularly prominent. This study not only provides a metabolomic basis for sorghum cultivar identification, but also offers scientific reference for sorghum cultivation and the breeding of brewing-specific cultivars. Conclusion: Based on UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the primary metabolites of five sorghum cultivars and detected a total of 503 metabolites. Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively, indicating substantial differences in metabolic profiles among sorghum cultivars. Further analysis showed that varietal differences significantly affected metabolite composition and relative abundance, and these specific metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for cultivar identification. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis was the major differential metabolic pathway, with particularly notable changes in flavonoid compounds. These findings suggest that flavonoid metabolism plays a key role in cultivar-specific metabolic regulation and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying sorghum quality formation.

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The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and is an important part of the global life support system. However, in recent years, due to factors such as overfishing, marine pollution, and climate change, the marine ecosystem has been under unprecedented pressure, and there is a serious trend of in fishery resources. This study focuses on the impact of marine conservation on the sustainable development of fisheries, exploring synergistic effects with green chemical technology. By analyzing the relationship between marine ecosystem services and fishery resources, it reveals the negative impacts of overfishing and pollution on fisheries and ecosystems, emphasizing the necessity of conservation measures. The study indicates that green chemical technology significantly reduces pollution from fishery activities to the marine environment through some means such as developing friendly fishing nets, degradable materials, and efficient wastewater treatment systems, providing technical support for the recovery of fishery resources and so on.

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To screen for interacting proteins of the rice thylakoid lumen protein OsTLP16.5 (encoded by Os06g0705100), which will help to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of OsTLP16.5 in rice. Total RNA was extracted from rice to construct a cDNA library. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) bait vector, pGBKT7-OsTLP16.5, was constructed to screen candidate target proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system, followed by interaction validation. Large-scale screening was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The bait vector pGBKT7-OsTLP16.5 was successfully constructed and verified to be free of autoactivation. A library screen identified 32 potential interacting proteins, of which 3 showed positive interactions after validation. NGS technology revealed 977 potential interacting proteins, including 51 chloroplast-associated proteins. A rice cDNA library was successfully constructed, and interacting proteins of OsTLP16.5 were identified, providing a foundation for studying how OsTLP16.5 functions in rice.

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Nanopore sequencing technology, an advanced third-generation sequencing technology, is a revolutionary sequencing method widely used in clinical diagnosis and genomic research because of its features such as real-time sequencing, direct sequencing, long read length and portability. This paper outlines the basic principles and advantages of the technology, and briefly introduces its applications in clinical medicine such as diagnosis of diseases rare and genetic diseases, detection of infectious disease pathogens, public health emergency response, and cancer genomics screening. In genomics, nanopore sequencing is instrumental in genome assembly, structural variation detection, recovery of DNA from ancient organisms, and microbiological research. It enables direct sequencing and analysis of molecules, allowing for the identification of complex structural variations within the genome. This study finds that the technology also suffers from low accuracy, high cost associated with large data volumes, and significant requirements for data processing capabilities. These limitations can potentially be addressed through innovations such as improved nanopore materials and design, and integration with artificial intelligence. Finally, the latest innovations of the technology are analyzed, and the development trend and application prospects are outlooked.

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