Download pdf
A meta-analysis of efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine concerning physical recovery in COVID-19
- 1 Chengdu No.7 High School International Department
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
As the spread of COVID-19, many have experienced a range of clinical symptoms as a result of contracting SARS-CoV-2. In light of this, Traditional Chinese Medicine offers several medications that can facilitate the physical recovery of those suffering from COVID-19. This dissertation presents selected data and experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of drugs, along with their mechanisms and other crucial information. The chosen focus for this study is four drugs (Jinhua Qing-gan, Lianhua Qingwen, Xuanfei Baidu, and Huashi Baidu), which have all proven to be effective in the treatment of COVID-19. JHQG and HSBD may reduce hospitalisation time and alleviate mild clinical symptoms. LHQW effectively reduces acute gut damage, while XFBD aids in the recovery of severe patients.
Keywords
COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine, ACE-2, herbal medicine
[1]. Cheung, F. (2011). TCM: Made in China. Nature, 480(7378), S82-S83.
[2]. Tian, D. (2005). 黄帝内经素问 [Huangdi Nei Jing Su Wen].
[3]. Goldman, N., et al. (2010). Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture. Nature Neuroscience, 13(7), 883-888.
[4]. Lai, M. M., & Cavanagh, D. (1997). The molecular biology of coronavirus. Advances in Virus Research, 48, 1-100.
[5]. Mayo Clinic. (2023, July 21). Covid-19: Who’s at higher risk of serious symptoms? Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-who-is-at-risk/art-20483301
[6]. A new type of coronavirus infection pneumonia diagnosis and treatment schemes (third edition). (2023, January 23). Retrieved from www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-01/23/5471832/files/106d59e45ac948ceb3cb12d400b8053c.pdf
[7]. Liu, Z., Li, X., Gou, C., Li, L., Luo, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Jin, A., Li, H., Zeng, Y., Li, T., & Wang, X. (2020). Effect of Jinhua Qinggan granules on novel coronavirus pneumonia in patients. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 40(3), 467-472.
[8]. Zheng, X., et al. (2013). 连花清瘟胶囊治疗儿童流行性感冒的临床观察 [Clinical observation of Lianhua Qingwen capsule in the treatment of children with influenza] (Doctoral dissertation).
[9]. Hu, K., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules, a repurposed Chinese herb, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 85, 153242.
[10]. Fang, J., et al. (2020). Efficacy of early combination therapy with Lianhuaqingwen and arbidol in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 560209.
[11]. Xiao, M., et al. (2020). Efficacy of Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills and Lianhua Qingwen granules in treatment of COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacological Research, 161, 105126.
[12]. Wang, Y., et al. (2020). Mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Tang in treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 45(10), 2249-2256.
[13]. Xiong, W., et al. (2020). Efficacy of herbal medicine (Xuanfei Baidu decoction) combined with conventional drug in treating COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Integrative Medicine Research, 9(3), 100489.
[14]. Yang, X. (2020). 抗新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 的化湿败毒颗粒药味物质基础研究 [Basic study of anti-novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) dampness and septic granules medicinal flavor substances]. 中国现代中药 [Modern Chinese Medicine], 22(5), 672-689.
[15]. Wang, Y., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety assessment of severe COVID-19 patients with Chinese medicine: A retrospective case series study at early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 277, 113888.
[16]. Si, X., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granules in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 102(15).
[17]. Shah, M. R., et al. (2022). Jinhua Qinggan granules for non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 928468.
[18]. Lu, Y., et al. (2023). Effectiveness and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsules for COVID-19: A propensity-score matched cohort study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2023, 113888.
[19]. Shah, M. R., et al. (2022). Jinhua Qinggan granules for non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 928468.
[20]. Zhao, J., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of Xuanfei Baidu granules for treating COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 100(20).
[21]. Li, X.-C., et al. (2022). Clinical observation of Xuanfei Baidu Decoction in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 47(13), 3667-3674.
[22]. Chen, C.-Y., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of Huashi Baidu granules in treating patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A single-center retrospective cohort study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 1-8.
[23]. Chen, J., et al. (2023). Huashi Baidu granule in the treatment of pediatric patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019: A single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1092748.
[24]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved October 8, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
[25]. Chopra, A., Saluja, M., & Venugopalan, A. (2014). Effectiveness of chloroquine and inflammatory cytokine response in patients with early persistent musculoskeletal pain and arthritis following chikungunya virus infection. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 66(2), 319-326.
[26]. Meo, S. A., Klonoff, D. C., & Akram, J. (2020). Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 4539-4547.
[27]. Pastick, K. A., et al. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(4).
[28]. Wang, M., et al. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research, 30(3), 269-271.
[29]. Kumar, A., Chattopadhyay, A., & Gupta, S. (2022). Neuropsychiatric manifestation of the drugs used in the treatment of SARS-2-CoV-2019 (COVID-19) infection and their management: An overview and practice implications. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 73, 103101.
[30]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA revokes emergency use authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Retrieved October 8, 2023, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-revokes-emergency-use-authorization-chloroquine-and
[31]. World Health Organization. (2023). Covid-19 mythbusters. Retrieved October 8, 2023, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters
[32]. Gautret, P., et al. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: Results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 56(1), 105949.
[33]. Drugs.com. (2023). Lopinavir and ritonavir monograph for professionals. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lopinavir-and-ritonavir.html
[34]. Ye, X.-T., et al. (2020). Clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24(6), 3390-3396.
[35]. PubChem. (2023). Lopinavir. PubChem. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lopinavir
[36]. Carmona, F., & Soares Pereira, A. M. (2013). Herbal medicines: Old and new concepts, truths and misunderstandings. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23(2), 379-385.
[37]. Bauke, N. (2022, August 18). Battlefield acupuncture? Yes, it exists, and the military is using it to fight troops’ pain. Military Times. Retrieved from https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/02/09/battlefield-acupuncture-yes-it-exists-and-the-military-is-using-it-to-fight-troops-pain/
[38]. Hikmet, F., Méar, L., Edvinsson, Å., Micke, P., Uhlén, M., & Lindskog, C. (2020). The protein expression profile of ACE-2 in human tissues. Molecular Systems Biology, 16(7), e9610.
[39]. Jackson, C. B., et al. (2022). Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 23(1), 3-20.
[40]. Hamming, I., et al. (2007). The emerging role of ACE-2 in physiology and disease. The Journal of Pathology, 212(1), 1-11.
[41]. Dhaundiyal, A., et al. (2021). Is highly expressed ACE 2 in pregnant women “a curse” in times of COVID-19 pandemic? Life Sciences, 264, 118676.
[42]. Valdés, G., et al. (2006). Distribution of angiotensin-(1-7) and ACE-2 in human placentas of normal and pathological pregnancies. Placenta, 27(2-3), 200-207.
[43]. 中国政府网. (2022). 新冠病毒感染者居家中医药干预指引 [Guidelines for home Chinese medicine intervention for persons infected with the novel coronavirus]. Retrieved October 17, 2023, from https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-12/12/content_5731565.htm
[44]. Zhao, Z., et al. (2020). Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 using traditional Chinese medicine: A review. Phytomedicine, 79, 153242.
[45]. Ndwandwe, D., & Wiysonge, C. S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines. Current Opinion in Immunology, 71, 111-116.
[46]. Ndwandwe, D., et al. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines. Current Opinion in Immunology, 71, 111-116.
[47]. Ndwandwe, D., et al. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines. Current Opinion in Immunology. Retrieved September 26, 2023, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095279152100090X
[48]. Zhu, H., et al. (2022). Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for treating mild or moderate COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 988237.
Cite this article
Xiang,Y. (2024). A meta-analysis of efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine concerning physical recovery in COVID-19. Journal of Food Science, Nutrition and Health,2,61-75.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Journal：Journal of Food Science, Nutrition and Health
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).