Overview of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Systems

Jitong Liu

doi:10.54254/2755-2721/2025.21920

Research Article

Open access

Published on 7 April 2025

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Liu,J. (2025). Overview of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Systems. Applied and Computational Engineering,145,1-6.

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Overview of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Systems

Jitong Liu *^,1,

¹ School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China, 100876

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.21920

Abstract

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have emerged as a critical solution to address the growing demand for global, seamless, and low-latency connectivity. Compared with Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, LEO satellites enable reduced signal delays and broad coverage. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for remote and underserved regions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of LEO satellite communication systems, focusing on three major aspects: frequency band division, system architecture, and case analysis. The study explores the utilization of various frequency bands, including L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, Q, and V bands, highlighting their characteristics and applications. The system architecture, including the space, user, and ground segments, is analyzed in detail. Additionally, the paper examines the Starlink constellation as a typical example and discusses its architecture, performance, and coverage capabilities. However, LEO satellite communication systems face significant challenges, such as limited resources, high costs, and problems due to the high speed of satellites. Therefore, advancements in artificial intelligence, ultra-narrow beamforming, and 5G and 6G networks present promising opportunities for future development.

Keywords

Low Earth Orbit, Satellite Communication, Radio Frequency, System Architecture

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References

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Cite this article

Liu,J. (2025). Overview of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Systems. Applied and Computational Engineering,145,1-6.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Software Engineering and Machine Learning

Conference website: https://2025.confseml.org/

ISBN：978-1-80590-024-5(Print) / 978-1-80590-023-8(Online)

Conference date: 2 July 2025

Editor：Marwan Omar

Series: Applied and Computational Engineering

Volume number: Vol.145

ISSN：2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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