Environment impacts and recycling methods of spent lithium-ion batteries

Jingyao Peng

doi:10.54254/2755-2721/23/20230603

Research Article

Open access

Published on 7 November 2023

Download pdf

Peng,J. (2023). Environment impacts and recycling methods of spent lithium-ion batteries. Applied and Computational Engineering,23,16-24.

Export citation

Environment impacts and recycling methods of spent lithium-ion batteries

Jingyao Peng *^,1,

¹ North West Normal University

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/23/20230603

Abstract

As the lithium-ion battery market continues to expand so far, the number of spent lithium-ion batteries continue to increase, and its impact on the environment cannot be ignored. It is of great necessity to find out a scientific and effective process to recycle spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Starting from the specific pollution of each part of LIBs to the environment, this paper expounds the recycling methods and emerging technologies of cathode materials with the largest proportion and the highest economic value. This paper believes that from the pre-treatment of spent LIBs, and then goes through whether it is thermometallurgy, hydrometallurgy or direct regeneration, each step of recovery process has its own use scenarios. There are still certain problems in industrial applications, recovery rate, safety, secondary pollution and other aspects. Some technologies such as bio-leaching are yet to be developed and are expected to be widely used in the near future. This paper looks forward to a more comprehensive development and breakthrough in the recycling technology of LIBs in the future, rather than being limited to cathode materials.

Keywords

spent lithium-ion batteries, environment impacts, recycling, metal extraction

View pdf

References

[1]. Mayyas, A., Steward, D., Mann, M. (2019) The case for recycling: Overview and challenges in the material supply chain for automotive li-ion batteries. Sustainable Materials and Technologies., 19: e00087.

[2]. Li M., Chen L., Yang Y., Niu F., Zhang X., Liu D. (2020) Research progress of lithium-ion battery recycling technology. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals., 46(3): 349-366.

[3]. Mrozik, W., Rajaeifar, M.A., Heidrich, O., Christensen, P. (2021) Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci., 14: 6099-6121.

[4]. Xu, Z., Liu, Z., Wang, S., Lu, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Jiang, F. (2022) Review on hydrometallurical recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology., 51(3):454-465.

[5]. Xiao, JF., Li, J., Xu, ZM. (2020) Challenges to future development of spent lithium-ion batteries recovery from environmental and technological perspectives. Environmental Science & Technology., 54(1):9-25.

[6]. Zheng, X., Zhu, Z., Lin, X., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Cao, H., Sun, Z.(2018) A mini-review on metal recycling from spent lithium ion batteries. Engineering.,4(3):361-370.

[7]. Ferreira, D.A., Prados, L.M.Z., Majuste, D., Mansur, M.B.(2009) Hydrometallurgical separation of aluminium, cobalt, copper and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources., 187(1):238–46.

[8]. Makuza, B., Tian, Q.H., Guo, X.Y., Chattopadhyay, K., Yu, D. (2021) Pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review. Journal of Power Sources., 491: 229622.

[9]. Mao, J.K., Li, J., Xu, Z.M. (2018) Coupling reactions and collapsing model in the roasting process of recycling metals from LiCoO2 batteries. Journal of Cleaner Production., 205:923-929.

[10]. Sattar, R., Ilyas, S., Bhatti, H.N., Ghaffar, A. (2019) Resource recovery of critically-rare metals by hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium ion batteries. Separation and Purification Technology., 209:725-733.

[11]. Wang, R.C., Lin, Y.C., Wu, S.H. (2009) A novel recovery process of metal values from the cathode active materials of the lithium-ion secondary batteries. Hydrometallurgy., 99(3-4):194-201.

[12]. Ferreira, D.A., Prados, L.M.Z., Majuste, D., Mansur, M.B. (2009) Hydrometallurgical separation of aluminium, cobalt, copper and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources., 187(1):238-246.

[13]. Roy, J.J., Cao, B., Madhavi, S. (2021) A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach. Chemosphere., 282(0):0-13.

[14]. Wang, S.B., Zhang, Z.T., Lu, Z.G., Xu, Z.G. (2020) A novel method for screening deep eutectic solvent to recycle the cathode of Li-ion batteries. Green Chemistry., 22(14): 4473-4482.

[15]. Tran, M.K., Rodrigues, M.T.F., Kato, K., Babu, G., Ajayan, P.M. (2019) Deep eutectic solvents for cathode recycling of Li-ion batteries. Nature Energy., 4:339-345.

[16]. Tang D., Wang J.X., Chen W., Ji G.J., Ma J.,Zhou G.M. (2023) Research status and prospect on direct regeneration of cathode materials from retired lithium⁃ion batteries. Inorganic Chemicals Industry., 55(1):15-25.

Cite this article

Peng,J. (2023). Environment impacts and recycling methods of spent lithium-ion batteries. Applied and Computational Engineering,23,16-24.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Functional Materials and Civil Engineering

Conference website: https://www.conffmce.org/

ISBN：978-1-83558-067-7(Print) / 978-1-83558-068-4(Online)

Conference date: 26 August 2023

Editor：Bhupesh Kumar

Series: Applied and Computational Engineering

Volume number: Vol.23

ISSN：2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).