Scheme for improving RAFT-based blockchain performance

Research Article
Open access

Scheme for improving RAFT-based blockchain performance

Li Xiao 1 , Songqiao Yang 2 , Tianxing Zhang 3*
  • 1 Nankai University    
  • 2 Shandong Normal University    
  • 3 Beijing University of Technology    
  • *corresponding author 20072118@emails.bjut.edu.cn
Published on 11 December 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/27/20230173
ACE Vol.27
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-199-5
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-200-8

Abstract

Improving RAFT-based blockchain systems' performance and their relationship with environmental factors is a lack of concern in recent studies and is essential in the production environment. To attain this, it is necessary to analyze the performance, especially the blockchain system's throughput, latency, and robustness. The two most widely used RAFT-based platforms, etcd, and Hyperledger Fabric's evaluation, were conducted to discover the factors influencing the system's performance and promoting methods. The evaluation focused mainly on throughput, latency, and robustness, including evaluating the reading and writing process, changing the number of keys, connections, and clients in etcd, and comparing the process and the two platforms. The only number of clients significantly impacts etcd's performance, and etcd's performance is better than Hyperledger Fabric's. Besides, both two platform shows that reading performs better than writing. So, to improve the system's performance, controlling the number of clients and focusing on the writing process is the key.

Keywords:

blockchain, RAFT, throughput, latency, robustness

Xiao,L.;Yang,S.;Zhang,T. (2023). Scheme for improving RAFT-based blockchain performance. Applied and Computational Engineering,27,81-89.
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References

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Cite this article

Xiao,L.;Yang,S.;Zhang,T. (2023). Scheme for improving RAFT-based blockchain performance. Applied and Computational Engineering,27,81-89.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Software Engineering and Machine Learning

ISBN：978-1-83558-199-5(Print) / 978-1-83558-200-8(Online)
Editor：Anil Fernando, Marwan Omar
Conference website: http://www.confseml.org
Conference date: 19 April 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.27
ISSN：2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Nguyen, Giang-Truong, and Kyungbaek Kim. "A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain." Journal of Information processing systems 14.1 (2018): 101-128.

[2]. Moni Dwork and Cynthiaand Naor, "Pricing via processing or combatting junk mail" in Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO' 92, Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 139-147, 1993.

[3]. P. Vasin, BlackCoin’ s Proof-of-Stake Protocol v2, 2014, [online] Available: https://blackcoin.co/blackcoin-pos-protocol-v2-whitepaper.pdf.

[4]. T. Y. Song and Y. L. Zhao, "Comparison of blockchain consensus algorithm", Comput. Appl. Softw., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1-8, 2018.

[5]. M. Castro and B. Liskov, "Practical Byzantine fault tolerance", Proc. Symp. Operating Syst. Design Implement., pp. 173-186, 1999.

[6]. Lamport L.: The part-time parliament. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems16(2), 133-169(1998)

[7]. Ongaro D, Ousterhout J (2013) In search of an understandable consensus algorithm (extended version)

[8]. H. Xu, L. Zhang, Y. Liu and B. Cao, "RAFT Based Wireless Blockchain Networks in the Presence of Malicious Jamming," in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 817-821, June 2020, doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.2971469.

[9]. Hou, Lu, et al. "An intelligent transaction migration scheme for RAFT-based private blockchain in Internet of Things applications." IEEE Communications Letters 25.8 (2021): 2753-2757.

[10]. Huang, Dongyan, Xiaoli Ma, and Shengli Zhang. "Performance analysis of the raft consensus algorithm for private blockchains." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 50.1 (2019): 172-181.

[11]. Liu, Yang, et al. "Verifying the smart contracts of the port supply chain system based on probabilistic model checking." Systems 10.1 (2022): 19.

[12]. K. Choumas and T. Korakis, "On Using Raft Over Networks: Improving Leader Election," in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1129-1141, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/TNSM.2022.3147958.

[13]. Wang, Y., Li, S., Xu, L., Xu, L. (2021). Improved Raft Consensus Algorithm in High Real-Time and Highly Adversarial Environment. In: Xing, C., Fu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Borjigin, C. (eds) Web Information Systems and Applications. WISA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12999. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87571-8_62

[14]. H. Howard, M. Schwarzkopf, A. Madhavapeddy and J. Crowcroft, "Raft refloated: Do we have consensus?", ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 12-21, 2015.

[15]. D. Huang, X. Ma and S. Zhang, "Performance Analysis of the Raft Consensus Algorithm for Private Blockchains," in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 172-181, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2019.2895471.

[16]. A. Barger, Y. Manevich, H. Meir and Y. Tock, "A Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus Library for Hyperledger Fabric," 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), Sydney, Australia, 2021, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1109/ICBC51069.2021.9461099.

[17]. Vohra, D. (2016). Installing Kubernetes on a Multi-Node Cluster. In: Kubernetes Microservices with Docker. Apress, Berkeley, CA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1907-2_14

[18]. Androulaki, E., Barger, A., Bortnikov, V., Cachin, C., Christidis, K., De Caro, A., ... & Yellick, J. (2018, April). Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In Proceedings of the thirteenth EuroSys conference (pp. 1-15).

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