References
[1]. Cato the Elder. De Agricultura. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1934. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cato/De_Agricultura/A*.html.
[2]. Cicero. "39. Letter to Quintus I," translated by Shackleton Bailey. 2002. In Letters to Quintus and Brutus. Letter Fragments. Letter to Octavian. Invectives. Handbook of Electioneering. N.p.: Harvard University Press, 2002.
[3]. Livy. The History of Rome. Translated by Canon Roberts, Rev. New York, NY: E. P. Dutton, 1912. http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi00142.perseus-eng3:34.
[4]. Plutarch. The Life of Marius. Loeb Classical Library ed. Vol. IX of The Parallel Lives. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1920. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Marius*.html.
[5]. Polybius. The Histories of Polybius. Loeb Classical Library ed. Vol. III. N.p., 1922-1927. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/polybius/6*.html.
[6]. Sallust. The Jugurthine War. Translated by John Selby Watson. M.A. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1899. http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0631.phi002.perseus-eng1:86.
[7]. Sallust, The War with Catiline. Loeb Classical Library ed. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1921. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/sallust/bellum_catilinae*.html.
[8]. Biglino, Fabrizio. "Rethinking Second-century BC Military Service: The Speech of Spurius Ligustinus." Journal of Ancient History 8, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 208-28. https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2019-0021.
[9]. Brunt, P. A. Italian Manpower: 225 B.C. - A.D. 14. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1971. Digital file.
[10]. Erdkamp, Paul. A Companion to the Roman Army. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[11]. Gabba, Emilio. Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1976.
[12]. Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
[13]. Hyden, Marc. Gaius Marius: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Savior. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2017.
[14]. Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 1998.
[15]. Matthew, Christopher Anthony. On the Wings of Eagles: The Reforms of Gaius Marius and the Creation of Rome's First Professional Soldiers. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.
[16]. Rich, John. War and Society in the Roman World. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993.
[17]. Roth, Jonathan. The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 B.C. - A.D. 235). Boston: Brill, 2012.
[18]. Smith, R. Bosworth. Rome and Carthage: The Punic Wars. N.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.
Cite this article
Wong,C.K. (2023). The Marian Reforms of Roman Military: The Contributing Cause of the Destruction of the Roman Republic. Communications in Humanities Research,4,35-39.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 2
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).
References
[1]. Cato the Elder. De Agricultura. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1934. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cato/De_Agricultura/A*.html.
[2]. Cicero. "39. Letter to Quintus I," translated by Shackleton Bailey. 2002. In Letters to Quintus and Brutus. Letter Fragments. Letter to Octavian. Invectives. Handbook of Electioneering. N.p.: Harvard University Press, 2002.
[3]. Livy. The History of Rome. Translated by Canon Roberts, Rev. New York, NY: E. P. Dutton, 1912. http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi00142.perseus-eng3:34.
[4]. Plutarch. The Life of Marius. Loeb Classical Library ed. Vol. IX of The Parallel Lives. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1920. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Marius*.html.
[5]. Polybius. The Histories of Polybius. Loeb Classical Library ed. Vol. III. N.p., 1922-1927. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/polybius/6*.html.
[6]. Sallust. The Jugurthine War. Translated by John Selby Watson. M.A. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1899. http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0631.phi002.perseus-eng1:86.
[7]. Sallust, The War with Catiline. Loeb Classical Library ed. N.p.: Loeb Classical Library, 1921. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/sallust/bellum_catilinae*.html.
[8]. Biglino, Fabrizio. "Rethinking Second-century BC Military Service: The Speech of Spurius Ligustinus." Journal of Ancient History 8, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 208-28. https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2019-0021.
[9]. Brunt, P. A. Italian Manpower: 225 B.C. - A.D. 14. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1971. Digital file.
[10]. Erdkamp, Paul. A Companion to the Roman Army. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[11]. Gabba, Emilio. Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1976.
[12]. Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
[13]. Hyden, Marc. Gaius Marius: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Savior. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2017.
[14]. Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 1998.
[15]. Matthew, Christopher Anthony. On the Wings of Eagles: The Reforms of Gaius Marius and the Creation of Rome's First Professional Soldiers. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.
[16]. Rich, John. War and Society in the Roman World. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993.
[17]. Roth, Jonathan. The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 B.C. - A.D. 235). Boston: Brill, 2012.
[18]. Smith, R. Bosworth. Rome and Carthage: The Punic Wars. N.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.