Volume 91

Published on October 2025

Volume title: Proceedings of ICIHCS 2025 Symposium: Literature as a Reflection and Catalyst of Socio-cultural Change

ISBN:978-1-80590-473-1(Print) / 978-1-80590-474-8(Online)
Conference date: 15 November 2025
Editor:Enrique Mallen, Abdullah Laghari
Research Article
Published on 23 October 2025 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.NS28482
Jingxiang Jia
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.NS28482

This paper reexamines the foundations of political legitimacy by shifting focus from virtue, justice, or consent to the management of conflict. Traditional theories, from Locke’s consent-based social contract to Rawls’s principles of justice, presume a level of agreement and trust that contemporary societies often lack. Drawing on Hobbes’s account of the state of nature and modern theories of collective action, the paper argues that governments exist because conflict is inevitable and cooperation fragile. Their central function is to monopolize force and make collective action possible. Revisiting Machiavelli, the paper contends that legitimacy is not achieved by eliminating conflict but by institutionalizing it. Durable political order depends less on consensus than on the capacity of institutions to channel division into lawful, predictable, and stable forms.

Show more
View pdf
Jia,J. (2025). Conflict as Legitimacy: A Modern Case for Machiavellianism. Communications in Humanities Research,91,1-7.
Export citation
Research Article
Published on 23 October 2025 DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.NS28483
Chang Yuan
DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/2025.NS28483

In recent years, night vision devices, as part of individual-soldier equipment, have increasingly attracted the attention of various enforcement units and enthusiasts. Under these circumstances, domestic night vision manufacturers in China have gradually rose to prominence, breaking the foreign monopoly on the producing and exporting night vision equipment and supplies for the People’s Liberation Army of China and the People’s Police. These night vision devices have also gradually appeared in the promotional videos of the People’s Liberation Army of China and the People’s Police of China. Against this backdrop, this study will mainly focus on the practical applications of night vision equipment, and use modern combat cases, such as the the Cold War-era Falklands War and the early 21st-century Global War on Terror, to discuss its necessity as individual soldier equipment and its current limitations, thereby briefly discussing the possible future development trends of night vision equipment. In conclusion, it is inevitable that night vision devices, as individual soldier equipment, will be widely equipped by the military forces of various countries in the future. Technologically, their development will also focus on enhancing stability and improving combat effectiveness.

Show more
View pdf
Yuan,C. (2025). The Evolution of Night Vision Equipment: An Analysis Based on Modern and Contemporary Military Operations. Communications in Humanities Research,91,8-13.
Export citation