Volume 93

This article aims to study the changes in the relationships between female characters in films from the 20th century to the present, reflecting the portrayal of women in different social conditions and under the lenses of different directors. The author analyze the factors of society, culture, and industry, looking at the big picture through small details. In the article, the authors compare the two films "Miss Bower" and "The Comet Princess", by using horizontal and vertical comparisons as well as analysis of the language of the shots, and employ text analysis and comparative analysis methods to conduct the research. The authors found that in the two films, the relationships between women changed from hostile and mutually harming to mutual support. This is also a progress in social culture and a necessary trend of historical development. In most current films, the trend can also be observed. From these two simple films, we can discover the progress, diversity, and the non-simple struggle between women in the perception of relationships among women by society and culture. This is also a foundation for the development of feminism, and more people understand that when women unite, it is a greater strength.

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The popularity of AIGC has raised legal challenges regarding copyright ownership. This article aims to explore whether copyright should belong to human users, AI systems, or development platforms. The core issue of AIGC lies in the fact that its output lacks the "independent intent" and "creativity" required by copyright law. In response to this, international responses vary: the United States adheres to the "human author" principle, the European Union is exploring new frameworks, while China tends to position AI as an auxiliary tool. This article holds that copyright should belong to human creators because they play a decisive and leading role throughout the entire creative process. In essence, AI systems are advanced tools that cannot be independently created and do not have legal subject status. The role of the platform should be that of a manager responsible for content review, risk prevention, and control. To promote the adaptation of laws to technological development, this article suggests that legislation should clearly define the dominant position of human creators and increase the compliance responsibilities of platform providers. At the same time, it should retain a certain degree of flexibility and explore the possibility of recognizing certain rights enjoyed by developers or platforms in specific circumstances, in order to balance the rights and interests of creators with technological innovation.

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With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), its application in literary translation has become more widespread, raising new possibilities and challenges for translating classical Chinese poetry. Against this backdrop, Qiangjinjiu is examined as one of the representative works of classical Chinese poetry, while relevant research from the perspective of Reception Theory remains scarce. Drawing on this theory, this paper compares AI and human translation of Qiangjinjiu from language, culture, and emotion. Findings show that although AI translation has advantages in terms of the information storage and translation output efficiency of poetry, it has significant deficiencies in conveying the imagery connotations, cultural metaphors, and rhythmic beauty of ancient poetry. Human translation, though less efficient, allows for deeper interpretation and more faithful restoration of the poem’s emotional and aesthetic depth, thereby better realizing its literary value. Based on this, this article believes that AI translation cannot completely replace human translation. In the future, it is necessary to promote the deep integration and coordinated development of the two, using AI to improve translation efficiency and human translation to optimize translation quality, ultimately facilitating the international dissemination and overseas inheritance of ancient poetry. The comparative study in this article can provide more powerful theoretical support for future research in the field of poetry translation, and at the same time guide translators to create poetry translations from the perspective of readers and take into greater consideration the degree of acceptance by readers.

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Film subtitle translation serves as a crucial vehicle for cross-cultural communication. High-quality subtitle translation plays a vital role in the dissemination of Russian culture. This study explores the application of Functional Equivalence Theory in the English subtitle translation of the Russian film I am Dragon, using official subtitles as reference material. The main object of the study is to analyze Russian-English subtitles through a multidimensional analysis—semantic, stylistic, and cultural and to solve the problem of English subtitle translation in the Russian film industry. The research finds that problems like cultural gaps, grammatical information loss in translation can be effectively mitigated through strategies such as semantic amplification, stylistic rhetoric retention, and cultural concept reconstruction guided by the theory. These approaches help the translated subtitles stay closer to the original in meaning and style, enabling target audiences to achieve a viewing experience and understanding analogous to native Russian viewers. This study provides practical methodological support for enhancing Russian film subtitle translation quality and promoting Russian cultural export via cinematic art.

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This paper discusses the connection between tea bowls and political authority under the influence of the two most significant rulers during the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568-1603), Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. It aims to comprehensively study what kinds of political messages were attached to tea bowls and how they were formed and associated, while understanding how they contributed to the construction of political authority. This paper argues that although the period as a whole saw the entanglement between tea bowls and political authority, this relationship was not singular but complicated and behaved differently under each ruler. On the one hand, Nobunaga built his expression of political authority to elites upon the possession, submission and gifting of traditionally recognised tea bowls. On the other hand, Hideyoshi presented his authority beyond the elites to commoners and the royals. This was achieved by spreading tea culture, using cheaper tea bowls to gain recognition as a cultural leader, while still exercising the relationship between the luxury tea bowls and power.

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Although there are already existing laws aimed at promoting equality, gender discrimination still widely exists in the Chinese workplace. Women face obvious barriers in recruitment, career promotion, pay, and workplace culture. These barriers reflect the economic and cultural bias based on gender that still exists in society. This paper explores this problem through a comparison of legal rules and empirical policy research. The analysis examines the limits of the current Chinese legal system and compares them with the framework of Title VII of the U.S. Civil Rights Act. This study also shows how weak legal institutions and policies combine with cultural factors to make gender inequality continue. This paper then proposes practical measures and policy suggestions to address this problem. This study uses research methods including legal text analysis, case study, and statistical data review, in order to find the patterns and causes of discrimination. The research results show that gender discrimination in the Chinese workplace mainly appears as recruitment bias, motherhood penalty, cultural stereotypes, sexual harassment and objectifying language, and pay gap. Based on these findings, this study proposes several countermeasures. These measures include improving anti-discrimination legislation, strengthening supervision and enforcement mechanisms, increasing corporate responsibility, making family-friendly policies, and promoting cultural change through education and publicity. The research shows that promoting gender equality is not only about fairness and justice, but also helps to improve labor market efficiency and promote sustainable economic growth in China.

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Although A Midsummer Night's Dream and Wuthering Heights belong to different stages of literary development, both conduct in-depth explorations of the dialectical relationship between "power and love". Employing Foucault's power theory, Gilbert and Gubar's feminist criticism theory, and combining with Greenblatt's perspective of cultural poetics, this study reveals through a comparative analysis of the two texts that the two works present different paths of power intervening in love relationships and their ultimate impacts. A Midsummer Night's Dream constructs an explicit, reconcilable power paradigm that results in order maintenance, and its influence is temporary and rectifiable. In contrast, the power depicted in Wuthering Heights is characterized by being self-reinforcing, systemically nested, and ultimately deconstructive; it distorts human nature and twists loving relationships into irreconcilable enmity. The former conveys the optimistic sentiment of rational power reconciliation in the Renaissance period, while the latter reflects the negative perception of class and gender issues in its era. Together, they form a dual narrative of the interaction between power and love in literature.

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This paper examines the evolution of U.S. equality law in workplace gender discrimination, charting a shift from formal neutrality to substantive justice. Using doctrinal analysis of landmark cases—Phillips v. Martin Marietta (1971), Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986), and Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989)—it shows how courts moved beyond surface non-discrimination to recognize hostile work environments, sex stereotyping, and mixed-motive decision-making under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The analysis finds that these rulings advanced substantive equality by addressing invisible harms and systemic bias, yet legal remedies still struggle with structural inequalities reinforced by organizational practices and social norms. The paper further evaluates limits in evidentiary burdens, procedural hurdles, and the expost nature of litigation. It concludes that achieving genuine gender justice requires a multi-pronged strategy: targeted statutory reform, proactive compliance and transparency mechanisms, data-driven monitoring tools, and coordinated cultural and organizational change. Policy recommendations outline preventive audits, clearer burden-shifting rules, and cross-sector collaboration to close the law–society gap.

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