1. Introduction

In the highly developed era of informatization, crimes are becoming increasingly youthful and intelligent. Particularly in the realm of adolescents, the number of crimes committed by college students is on the rise. Research on the prevention of college student crimes has become a key social topic of discussion. Therefore, this paper takes the phenomenon of college student crimes as the starting point, aiming to systematically analyze and explore the underlying reasons and social context behind it. Firstly, the paper defines, categorizes, and describes the characteristics of college student crimes. It then analyzes the causes of college student crimes from multiple dimensions including individual, family, school, and society. Building upon this foundation, the paper further discusses effective measures and methods for preventing and controlling college student crimes, with the aim of providing beneficial references and insights for various sectors of society.

Through the research presented in this paper, we hope to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of college student crimes.

2. Contemporary Causes and Characteristics of College Student Crimes

2.1. Current Situation of College Student Crimes

Universities are the highest halls of knowledge, and college students are the future of our country. The quality of higher education directly affects the high-quality development of society. However, as higher education gradually becomes more accessible to the masses, college students have unexpectedly become a group with a high crime rate. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the crime rate among college students on campus is increasing year by year, and the types of crimes are becoming more intelligent and diversified.

Since the late 1970s, juvenile delinquency in China has been on the rise, accounting for 80% of criminal offenses, with college student crimes accounting for 17% of juvenile delinquency. [1] In addition, according to research conducted by the Judicial Big Data Research Institute of China, since 2017, the proportion of defendants with bachelor’s degrees or above in telecommunications and internet fraud cases has been continuously increasing. From 2017 to 2021, a total of more than 282,000 first-instance cases involving information network crimes were concluded by courts at all levels nationwide, and the total number of cases has been increasing year by year. Overall, the proportion of college students involved in cases is positively correlated with the total number of cases. Furthermore, according to survey and statistical data, the overall age of criminals is getting younger, and the number of criminals with bachelor’s degrees or above is growing rapidly, with the highest proportion concentrated in the age group of 18 to 28 years old.

From the various survey data mentioned above, it can be seen that the security issues in daily management of universities nationwide should be given attention. The frequent occurrence of criminal phenomena and the fact that students on campus have become a special group of criminals cannot be ignored. Preventing college student crimes has become an urgent issue to be addressed in contemporary higher education management. In recent years, Zhejiang has consistently ranked fourth in China’s GDP and also ranks fourth in crime rates. Huzhou, as a city with relatively low GDP ranking within the province but with a high student population ratio of up to 877,000, has witnessed a significant increase in college student crimes, mainly focusing on high-intelligence economic and financial crimes. Therefore, researching college student crime issues and proposing preventive measures are of great significance.

In response to this, Huzhou has intensified its efforts to prevent college student crimes. On the morning of June 17th, it took the lead in establishing the Huzhou City Research Center for Preventing College Student Illegal Crimes in the province. The next step is to study and formulate effective measures to control the increasing crime rate among college students, and to further clarify the causes of their crimes by analyzing the types of college student crimes and summarizing their characteristics from common types to specific cases.

2.2. Inducing Crime Characteristics from the Types of College Student Crimes

2.2.1. Crime Types

In recent years, the means of crimes committed by college students on campus have been continuously enhanced, and the crime rate has been on the rise. According to incomplete statistics, as of 2020, college students have been suspected of committing as many as 63 different crimes. [2]

The main types of crimes committed by college students are as follows: firstly, theft and intentional injury are the most common crimes; secondly, property infringement crimes rank first, with theft, robbery, and fraud being the main offenses; then, crimes such as murder, injury, rape, and kidnapping committed by college students constitute the main types of offenses that infringe upon citizens’ personal and democratic rights. The most common crime today is “aiding information crimes,” where individuals or entities knowingly provide technical support such as internet access to others for committing crimes through information networks.

In addition to the above-mentioned more obvious categories, there are also crimes such as suicide and spreading campus loans within the campus, which harm oneself and others. [2]

The main newly added type of college student crime is high-intelligence crime. From the perspective of criminal psychology, high-intelligence crime refers to criminal activities in which criminals use high technology and intelligence to commit crimes. Such criminal methods are relatively easy to conceal, and they are not constrained by time and place. Once successful, the consequences can be unimaginable. College students are individuals receiving higher education, and they have relatively rich cultural knowledge, as well as meticulous thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills. Moreover, in most cases, high-intelligence crimes committed by college students on campus are planned and purposeful, making them more likely to succeed and posing greater harm to society.

2.2.2. Crime Characteristics

Intelligence of Crime: College students are a group of people who have received higher education. With the development of technology, society’s demand for technology continues to increase. Meanwhile, jobs related to aiding information network crimes and other related types often come with decent appearances and high salaries, greatly satisfying college students’ sense of achievement. Consequently, the crime rates of related types among college students have been soaring.

Suddenness of Crime: College students lack social life and interpersonal experience, and their minds are not mature. They generally lack good self-restraint ability and are prone to emotional reactions when encountering situations. They are easily influenced by the environment. When faced with consistent or conflicting opinions from others, they may blindly believe or argue, further leading to deeper conflicts, which may result in impulsive and erroneous behaviors. [3]

Diversity of Crime: College student crimes are not limited to campus and to some extent reflect their correlation with the internet. According to incomplete statistics as of 2020, college student crimes cover 60 offenses, including infringement of citizens’ personal rights, disruption of the socialist market economic order, endangering public safety, infringement of property, and disruption of social order. As a group just entering adulthood, college students possess strong curiosity and initiative. Moreover, based on their high intelligence, high quality, and high-quality education received, crimes committed using emerging technologies break through spatial and territorial constraints, posing greater challenges to crime prevention.

Concealment of Crime: College student crimes are often unplanned, with the root problem lying in their psychology. The confusion in life, coupled with the lack of attention to psychological issues in universities, can stimulate the psychology of college students who are at a critical stage of life development, leading to conflicts between inferiority and self-esteem, ideals and reality. When these conflicts cannot be resolved, the seductive seeds of crime have already taken root deeply. [4]

2.3. Causes of College Student Crimes

2.3.1. Individual Reasons

During the college stage, the physical adulthood and psychological immaturity of college students often fail to align. They find themselves in a unique contradiction of desiring independence but lacking sufficient social experience. The gap between ideals and reality, as well as the need to develop enough self-discipline to adapt to the new environment of university, leads to the following inducements for college student crimes:

Insufficient awareness of illegal behavior: Some college students believe that they can earn money easily through simple tasks such as helping transport goods (drugs), donating eggs, money laundering, aiding information network crimes, etc.

Psychological immaturity: When they do not understand parental education, do not agree with the actions and lifestyles of classmates, cannot establish a correct view of love, and cannot handle criticism from others in life, they may engage in disputes that result in injury or even death.

Lack of a correct concept of money: Some college students engage in campus loans, theft, robbery, fraud, etc., hoping to obtain high returns without putting in effort or with minimal effort. This is essentially another form of blatant gambling! [2]

In summary, college students often desire gains without effort or are lured by “high salary, low threshold” opportunities. The routinized work combined with high wages may lead them to engage in fraudulent activities knowingly or even recruit others and deceive them. Alternatively, they may assist criminal groups in aiding information network crimes through their network technology without considering it as a crime. They do not realize that their mere fingertip actions constitute crimes. Various reasons contribute to basic types of crimes, instilling fear in people. For example, in recent years, the emerging “aiding information crimes” have seen a significant increase. According to a report from the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, in 2023, the national procuratorial organs prosecuted a total of 129,300 criminal suspects involved in “aiding information crimes,” an increase of 8.43 times compared to the previous year. Among them, individuals aged 18-22 accounted for 23.7% of the suspects, and half of them were college students.

2.3.2. Family Reasons

The traditional marriage issues in Chinese-style families have led to problems in family structure and deficiencies in family education, laying hidden dangers for college students to commit crimes.

Family Structure Issues:

According to relevant survey data, the crime rate among adolescents from single-parent families (broken families) is higher than that of children from normal families. As the first educational institution for children, a broken family weakens the primary educational function, or even loses it altogether. This is mainly reflected in the fact that parents may overly spoil their children to compensate, while at the same time, they may also be emotionally indifferent. Children in such environments often lack love and may develop psychological problems. Once they encounter setbacks without anyone to confide in, they are more likely to deviate from the right path. The complexity of reconstructed families and other structures can cause invisible but irreversible harm to adolescents’ psychology. Without the restraint of family members, indulgence and the greater likelihood of external temptations may lead to college student crimes. For example, in the infamous case of Wu Xieyu, a student at Peking University, he killed his mother. Due to the absence of his father during adolescence and the psychological trauma suffered by his mother from her husband’s death, Wu Xieyu, at a young age, began to bear the pressure alone. While studying diligently in college, he led a repressed and indulgent life. Without timely help from family or school, the tragic incident of matricide occurred.

Family Education Issues:

Family education is the foundation of adolescents’ education, and the lack of family education is the breeding ground for adolescent crimes. Despite being the most important part of education, family education is often undervalued in Chinese-style education. Education is considered solely the responsibility of teachers. Moreover, some families not only fail to educate their children to abide by the law but also lead them into criminal activities. For instance, in the case of Yao Jiaxin, a college student from a scholarly family, he committed murder. Due to family reasons, Yao Jiaxin was subjected to strict and harsh military-like education by his parents since childhood, with high expectations placed upon him. He indeed lived up to those expectations by entering his desired university with outstanding grades and a pleasant personality. However, in his junior year, he caused a fatal car accident and subsequently escaped after stabbing the victim eight times. This heinous act was solely to avoid parental reprimand. The fact that an outstanding college student would commit murder just to evade scolding from his parents is shocking and instills fear in the current state of parental education. [5]

2.3.3. School Reasons

Upon entering university, college students often consider themselves mature and are unwilling to heed their parents’ advice as much. Chinese-style parental education may also shift from strict academic focus to laxity upon entering university. Additionally, as students spend extended periods away from home, university becomes the final frontier of educational constraint. However, contemporary university education faces the following two problems:

On one hand, in the widespread context of contemporary compulsory education and even in university education, schools tend to prioritize professional education over moral and labor education, neglecting the crucial role of moral and value formation during the university stage. Especially in universities, cultural education often lacks vitality, being overly rigid and monotonous, while moral education tends to be superficial, resulting in a severe disconnect between the education provided and the practical needs of college students. Legal education is treated as a mere formality, with students focusing solely on passing exams and avoiding make-up exams or retakes. Under this educational model, some college students develop increasingly weak legal concepts, fail to establish correct worldviews and values, easily deviate in their thinking, develop erroneous understandings of society and life, ultimately leading to moral degradation and the occurrence of crimes.

On the other hand, the management of mental health issues remains insufficient. Compared to foreign countries and top-tier cities, the psychological education environment in most regions of higher education institutions is relatively backward, with psychological surveys and interventions lagging behind. There is a tendency to neglect or inadequately address the psychological needs of students from impoverished or special family backgrounds. This neglect inadvertently leads to a series of confused values among students, fosters unhealthy psychological growth, and further triggers certain students to develop personality disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and other mental illnesses. When exposed to adverse circumstances in life, these issues may lead to malignant consequences, even irreparable criminal outcomes.

2.3.4. Social Environment Reasons

As American sociologist Parsons pointed out, crime is a product of social discoordination rather than solely the result of education. From family education to school education, these are only surface-level issues, and the root problem ultimately cannot be separated from the social environment.

With the advent of the social transition period, the social pressure and job competition faced by college students are increasingly intense. High-paying, easy jobs such as internet celebrities are enviable, and the imbalance between economic development and social development affects the formation of correct values among adolescents in various aspects of life. The growing wealth gap and rising consumption levels make it difficult for ordinary families to afford, and this social change has a significant impact on the values of social members, especially adolescents who are still in their formative years. The severe consequences may lead some adolescents to disregard the existence of morality and law, and instead adopt a materialistic worldview focused solely on money. This further distances them from listening to the teachings of teachers and parents. At the same time, the negative factors of the internet have an undeniable impact on juvenile delinquency. Addiction to gaming leads to detachment from reality, and learning and imitating negative and novel things on the internet. Meanwhile, the hyperlinking, interactivity, virtuality, and secrecy of the internet to some extent provide convenient conditions for juvenile delinquency. However, very few use internet information to proactively understand social life, work, and other aspects to plan their own career paths. For example, engaging in illegal scams, money laundering through information equipment, brushing orders, and other high-paying jobs, they embark on paths of no return, feeling justified in using their education to harm innocent people.

3. Construction of Crime Prevention System for College Students

3.1. Concept of Crime Prevention System for College Students

The crime prevention system refers to the various forces, measures, and actions involved in preventing crime, which are organically linked and coordinated around the common goal of “crime prevention.” The content of the crime prevention system can be divided into broad and narrow aspects. Narrow prevention, namely, the combination of family prevention, school prevention, and community prevention, constitutes a system that takes proactive measures before crime occurs. Broad prevention includes the combination of social prevention, psychological prevention, public security prevention, and penalty prevention, forming a system that encompasses not only preventive measures before crime but also preventive measures during and after the crime, including handling and rehabilitation for the prevention of re-offending, known as macro-level crime prevention.

The college student crime prevention system discussed in this paper includes both narrow and broad aspects. It involves promoting crime prevention through proactive behavioral and ideological cultivation before crimes occur and also includes reoffending prevention for college students who have already committed crimes.

College student crime prevention aims to create a safe and harmonious campus environment by encouraging active participation in various crime prevention activities and efforts to reduce criminal behavior. Generally, the construction of crime prevention systems is primarily undertaken by universities themselves, and the main construction methods include:

(1) Increasing college students’ awareness of safety: Enhancing students’ awareness and vigilance against criminal activities, understanding common criminal methods and phenomena, being able to identify suspicious behavior around them, and promptly reporting it to relevant departments or responsible individuals.

(2) Strengthening college students’ awareness of self-protection: Teaching students to use personal belongings like smartphones rationally, preventing excessive indulgence in online games, avoiding falling victim to online scams, or receiving inappropriate messages.

(3) Consolidating college students’ legal concepts: Given that college students are the future pillars of society, the construction of the rule of law is essential. Schools generally promote and guide students to develop legal beliefs and comply with laws and regulations through lectures.

(4) Encouraging college students to integrate into society: Many universities organize youth volunteer services to encourage students to step out of campus and into society, providing assistance and support to those in need and promoting community safety and security improvement.

3.2. Mechanism of Crime Prevention System for College Students

3.2.1. Common Characteristics of College Student Crime and Prevention Models

In recent years, the issue of college student crime has become increasingly prominent, attracting significant social attention. As the future of the nation and society, college students’ criminal behaviors not only inflict heavy blows on individuals and families but also seriously affect social stability and development. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive crime prevention system for college students has become one of the important tasks in contemporary social governance.

Kang Shuhua, President of the Chinese Criminology Research Association and a law professor at Peking University, once conducted a survey. In 1965, juvenile crime accounted for about 33% of all criminal offenses in society, with college student crime accounting for about 1%. During the “Cultural Revolution” period, juvenile crime increased, accounting for 60% of all criminal offenses, with college student crime accounting for 2.5%. In recent years, juvenile crime has accounted for 70% to 80% of social criminal offenses, with college student crime accounting for approximately 17%.

With economic and social development, the increase in per capita GDP and the number of individuals receiving high-level education has led to a continuous rise in college student crime. Based on various types of research literature on student crime in universities, the following basic commonalities of college student crime are identified:

(1) Crimes are often single in type, and crimes involving high intelligence are rare.

(2) The gender ratio of crimes is approximately 7:1, with female college students primarily involved in theft and male college students mainly involved in theft and intentional injury.

(3) The harmful outcomes are relatively light compared to crimes involving the general population. The theft targets are often small items such as mobile phones, and intentional injuries mostly result in minor injuries, with severe injuries being rare.

(4) The majority of victims are acquaintances.

(5) About 15% of cases are not prosecuted, while the rest are generally sentenced to less than three years in prison.

(6) The students committing crimes mainly attend private undergraduate colleges, adult education undergraduate colleges, or vocational colleges; there are few cases from regular undergraduate programs.

(7) Freshmen and sophomores constitute the primary age group involved in crime.

(8) The majority of students committing crimes are registered outside their hometowns, with relatively few cases occurring locally.

(9) Subjectively, the severity of malicious intent is low. After committing a crime, students can provide truthful and stable confessions to judicial authorities without resistance. [1]

Currently, China’s crime prevention model for college students is still in the exploratory stage, lacking a standardized system for crime prevention construction, and the prevention methods are relatively single, mainly focusing on school-based prevention or a combination of school and family crime prevention.

In the previous section, the general model of preventing student crime in universities has been discussed, primarily focusing on forms such as lecture propaganda and voluntary service, with lecture propaganda being the most common form. Organizing legal education propaganda activities in schools is a relatively simple process with fast implementation progress. However, this purely theoretical approach makes it difficult for students to truly establish a belief in the rule of law. Moreover, in the busy academic schedule of universities, whether students attend these activities and absorb the theoretical ideas remains questionable, often leading to a mere formality. On the other hand, voluntary service activities require hands-on practice, resulting in high student participation rates. However, once the activities commence, many subsequent follow-ups become uncontrollable.

As the first classroom for children, families bear the responsibility not only for moral and ethical education but also for legal education. However, the current requirements for parents mainly revolve around moral aspects of family education, with very few families providing legal education or fostering a complete legal awareness and understanding of the legal system.

Therefore, based on the common characteristics of college student crime, the current crime prevention construction is insufficient for effective interception. The construction of crime prevention systems needs to be further expanded and improved.

3.2.2. Integrated Model of Crime Prevention by Family, School, and Society

The road to constructing a crime prevention system for college students is long and arduous. In response to the current characteristics and situation of college student crime in China, we propose an “integrated” crime prevention model, which involves concerted efforts from the family, school, and society. This model aims to address the root causes of crime through family education, strengthen legal awareness through school education, and ultimately achieve containment through social care, thereby effectively preventing crime from multiple perspectives.

Family Level

Every college student grows up from childhood. Therefore, the foundation of childhood family education plays a crucial role in whether college students, upon reaching adulthood and entering university, will have a reverence for the law and willingly abide by it.

As the primary classroom of moral education, families undoubtedly play a fundamental role in shaping values. The General Provisions of the Family Education Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China, enacted in 2021, explicitly states, “In order to carry forward the fine tradition of valuing family education in the Chinese nation, guide the whole society to pay attention to family, family education, and family ethics, enhance family happiness and social harmony, cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor qualities, this Law is enacted. Family education referred to in this Law means that parents or other guardians promote the comprehensive and healthy growth of minors, and carry out cultivation, guidance, and influence in terms of moral quality, physical fitness, life skills, cultural cultivation, and behavioral habits. Family education takes cultivating morality and nurturing people as its fundamental task, cultivates and practices the core socialist values, promotes the outstanding traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture of the Chinese nation, and promotes the healthy growth of minors.” Instilling a belief in the rule of law in minors and ensuring that future generations uphold and abide by the law as successors of socialism is undoubtedly one of the essential guiding aspects of family education. Although the law stipulates that families have a duty to promote the ideological and moral development of minors, the same applies to the prevention system for college student crime.

In addition to daily education and guidance, the role of the family in mental health development cannot be underestimated. Families should take responsibility for cultivating positive and upward psychological attitudes, preventing negative emotions from the original family entering college, and catalyzing and amplifying the tragedies that lead to crime. As discussed earlier, family structure and educational deficiencies are among the reasons for college student crimes. Therefore, parents are the first educators, and parents and other guardians should establish the concept that the family is the first classroom, take on the heavy responsibility of educating minors, guide and educate minors with correct thoughts, methods, and behaviors to develop good thoughts, behaviors, and habits, and provide them with demonstration and exemplary guidance. At the same time, attention should be paid to harmonious family relationships, fostering a positive family culture, inheriting excellent family traditions, promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation, and jointly building a civilized, harmonious, and friendly family relationship in the new era to create a good family environment for the healthy growth of minors. According to the physical and mental development characteristics of minors of different ages, educate them to love the party, love the country, love the people, love the collective, and love socialism, establish the concept of maintaining national unity, strengthen the consciousness of the Chinese nation community, and cultivate patriotism; educate minors to uphold morality, respect the elderly, love the young, love the family, be thrifty and frugal, be united and help each other, be honest and friendly, abide by discipline and laws, and cultivate their good social ethics, family virtues, personal moral consciousness, and legal awareness; pay attention to the mental health of minors, teach them to cherish life, and provide them with safety knowledge education on traffic travel, healthy internet use, and prevention of bullying, drowning, fraud, abduction, sexual assault, etc., to help them master safety knowledge and skills, enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection, and thus reduce the probability of students committing crimes after entering college.

School Level

As the primary site for college students’ study and life, universities undoubtedly bear important responsibilities for crime prevention. Considering the current situation and characteristics of college student crime, we suggest that universities focus on effective crime prevention in the following two aspects:

(1) Enhance education on internet security. With the rapid development of information technology, the internet has become an indispensable part of college students’ lives. However, the prevalence of harmful information and illegal activities online has become a significant factor contributing to crime among college students. Traditional legal lectures in schools often emphasize theoretical aspects of “establishing the rule of law” and pay little attention to promoting internet security education, which is a major hotspot for college student crime.

The economic development has provided college students with smartphones and computers on a per capita basis, and the freedom gained from leaving high school for university allows them ample time for frequent online activities. Nowadays, college students have become the most active users of the internet. Compared to ordinary netizens, college students are more likely to be exposed to illegal and criminal information. Most universities lack specialized education on internet security and behavior norms for college students. This results in some students lacking awareness of privacy protection and having low ability to discern, leading them into online security predicaments or even fostering a sense of impunity for engaging in criminal activities online.

Therefore, universities should educate and guide college students to establish correct internet perspectives to prevent behavioral misconduct. At the ideological level, this can be achieved through offering ideological and political courses to strengthen college students’ moral education regarding the internet, encouraging students to behave ethically online, discern the authenticity of information, and practice self-protection when making online friends. Additionally, by strengthening education on internet laws and regulations, universities can help instill in students an awareness of internet security and the rule of law, safeguarding their own rights and deterring them from engaging in online crimes. [6]

(2) Strengthen psychological counseling for students. After three years of high-pressure exam-oriented education in high school, some students may experience psychological issues upon entering university. Many of these issues can lead to criminal behavior. Currently, most universities conduct psychological assessments for incoming freshmen to collect preliminary data on their mental states. However, what is more crucial is continuous follow-up. A stable mental state upon enrollment does not guarantee safety throughout the next four years. One-on-one communication between student counselors and students, as well as university counseling centers, are effective ways to intervene in psychological crises. [7]

While conducting psychological counseling, it is also imperative for universities to delve into the establishment of effective communication bridges between students and psychological counseling. It requires creating a healthy ecosystem where students do not feel ashamed or different from others when seeking assistance for psychological issues. Only by doing so can psychological factors contributing to crime be effectively and comprehensively prevented.

Social Level

In addition to the aforementioned family and school levels, society is also a crucial component of this tripartite approach. Given that college students are the future members of society, it is essential for the societal system to contribute to crime prevention efforts.

Firstly, social work can apply crime prevention through the following three approaches:

(1) Individual case work. Social workers can provide personalized services to college students to address difficulties related to their studies, interpersonal relationships, and personal growth. By analyzing the root causes of problems and employing methods such as support, acceptance, empathy, and self-disclosure, individual case work can guide students to reexamine themselves. For other students, individual case work can effectively resolve various adaptation issues that arise during their college experience, helping them integrate into the school and social environment more quickly.

(2) Group work method. To address college student crime issues, students with behavioral deviations can be divided into groups to promote self-awareness through multifaceted group communication. Generally, based on the needs of college students, interest groups and growth groups are organized to actively guide students through group activities, which also helps students reestablish a correct self-identity.

(3) Community work method. By linking schools with communities, college students can engage in various collaborative activities in communities to gain development opportunities from community improvements.

Furthermore, as mentioned in the previous section, a comprehensive crime prevention system should include post-event rehabilitation and recidivism prevention. We believe that follow-up social support can be carried out from three aspects: system, culture, and government.

System: Base system. Units such as public security, courts, and procuratorates can collaborate with schools to carry out bail pending trial supervision and assistance, conditional non-prosecution supervision and inspection, organizing college students to participate in juvenile criminal proceedings, social investigations, etc., to help understand the basic situation of college student crime and reduce the probability of recidivism. Schools and communities can establish supervision bases to conduct inspections, counseling, and employment guidance for college students involved in illegal activities, forming a joint force with public security, procuratorates, and judicial units to provide assistance and rehabilitation. [8]

Positive contact. This requires continuous follow-up to strengthen contact with previously criminal or idle college students, providing targeted guidance and assistance, and avoiding contact and interaction between college students and members of society.

Critical prevention. Pay attention to the transformation boundary of college students with extreme psychological states, attach importance to early typical behaviors, and prevent tensions or ruptures in relationships between college students and their families and schools, avoiding abnormal socialization tendencies among college students.

Behavioral correction. By implementing projects in communities, schools, rehabilitation centers, detention centers, and prisons, strengthen education on institutional rules and legal bottom lines, and correct and change bad behavioral habits.

Culture: Culture, as one of the reasons influencing behavioral choices unconsciously, cannot be ignored. Huzhou boasts a unique cultural advantage that can be leveraged to guide and educate college student groups.

In terms of political self-confidence, the “Two Mountains” concept has always been a regional hallmark of Huzhou. Relevant institutions can promote the “Two Mountains” concept among involved college students, fostering regional confidence, cultural confidence, and confidence in the chosen path, guiding them back on track.

Regarding the belief in the rule of law, relying on the legal and historical heritage of cultural figure Shen Jiaben in Huzhou, deepen the legal awareness of involved college students, internalize it, and externalize it in their actions, preventing them from engaging in illegal activities again.

Government: Depending on specific circumstances, policies and incentives can be introduced to enhance the enthusiasm of social forces to participate in social supervision. Under the premise of determining responsibilities, municipal governments can provide policy support, allocate education funds for each supervised individual, purchase personal accident insurance for them, and prevent the burden of major accidents on supervision bases. Meanwhile, special funds can be established as needed through government procurement to purchase tracking and counseling services such as social work and psychological counseling.

4. Conclusion

Preventing college student crimes is the most crucial aspect of addressing the issue of college student delinquency. This paper takes Huzhou City as the research object, leveraging its local characteristics to delve into the essence of college student delinquency from small to large scales. College student delinquency is a complex social problem that requires collaborative efforts from families, schools, and society. The intention of this paper is to construct an innovative prevention system for college students, contributing to the development of the rule of law in China.