In view of the high incidence of information network crimes, the Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law of mainland China added the offence of aiding information network criminal activities, aiming at cutting off the chain of cybercrime and preventing information network crimes. However, in judicial practice, there are great differences in the determination standard of "knowledge", which has become a key difficulty in the judgement of crime and non-crime. In this regard, the presumption of "knowledge" should be explicitly adopted, and the subjective knowledge of the perpetrator should be presumed through the basic facts, in order to cope with the difficulty of obtaining evidence. At the same time, the term "knowingly" should be interpreted as meaning that the perpetrator clearly recognised or should have known of the unlawfulness of the act of assistance, rather than generalising it to mean that he or she "may have known". In addition, it is not appropriate to mechanically equate the object of knowledge - "another person using information network to commit a crime" - with a completed offence in the sense of a sub-rule of the Criminal Law. Instead, it should be based on the logic of criminalisation of the act, adopt independent judgment, emphasise the ambiguity of the perpetrator's cognition of the improper act and causal foresight, so as to achieve a balance between combating crime and safeguarding rights, and maintain the principle of modesty of criminal law.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between working memory (WM) and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preschool children and to examine the roles of age and gender in this context. A total of 131 preschool children were recruited, and their WM abilities and FMS levels were assessed using standardized WM tasks and the TGMD-3. The results revealed no significant gender differences in WM tasks and total FMS scores, with the exception of the backward digit span task. Weak to moderate significant positive correlations were found between total WM score and total locomotor skills score (r≈0.265) as well as total FMS score (r≈0.245). Furthermore, age significantly predicted the total score of object control skills (OCS), while the total WM score was a significant positive predictor of the total FMS score. These findings suggest an association between WM and FMS in preschoolers, with age being a significant influencing factor. The results have important implications for preschool educational practices and related intervention studies.

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This study examines the psychological impact of negative social media exposure on Chinese adolescents, with particular attention to the moderating roles of psychological resilience, family connectedness, and digital literacy. Grounded in Ecological Systems Theory, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 500 high school students using validated psychometric instruments to assess levels of exposure, mental health outcomes, and protective factors. The findings indicate that frequent exposure to harmful online content significantly predicted higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation, underscoring the risks posed by digital environments. Psychological resilience emerged as a significant moderator, weakening the relationship between negative exposure and psychological distress, thereby suggesting its potential as a protective resource. In contrast, family connectedness and digital literacy did not significantly buffer these effects, pointing to cultural and contextual variations in protective mechanisms. These results emphasize the need for resilience-based interventions and further culturally sensitive research on adolescent digital well-being in non-Western societies.

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With the continuing rise in psychological stress among young people and the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence technologies, chatbots have gradually become a new channel for emotional expression and emotional support among youth. Drawing on the ABC Attitude Model, this study applies grounded theory to analyze semi-structured interview data from 17 young users aged 15–34, exploring their attitudinal structure and behavioral responses when using chatbots for emotional support. The findings show that young users exhibit both instrumental endorsement and emotional dependence on chatbots, while simultaneously maintaining vigilance and skepticism regarding their empathic capacity, response quality, and privacy/security—forming a contradictory attitude in which “dependence and vigilance” coexist. On this basis, users develop behavioral regulation strategies such as boundary setting and control of usage frequency. The article constructs an interactive mechanism of “cognition–ambivalent attitude–behavioral intention,” revealing a pattern of reflexive dependence in youths’ practices of digital emotional support, and providing theoretical references and practical implications for the design of AI affective products and for youth mental-health services.

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