Download pdf
The Study of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Etiology, Cognitive Ability and Treatment
- 1 Changjun High School International Department
- 2 Mingqing Senior High School
- 3 Mingqing Senior High School
- 4 Nanjing No.13 High School
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), its etiology, cognitive aspects, and treatment options. It explains the concept of dissociation and dissociative disorders, leading to the specific focus on DID. The etiology section discusses the multifaceted nature of DID, including biological factors like genetic vulnerabilities and neurobiological abnormalities. Psychological factors, particularly trauma and maladaptive schemas, and social factors, including societal influences and media portrayals, are also explored. This paper delves into cognitive abilities and their impact on individuals with the disorder. Like the relationship between sleep disturbances, trauma, dissociation, and cognitive abilities in individuals with DID and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The last part focuses on its treatment approaches, the holistic treatment approach that includes symptom reduction, engagement with traumatic memories, and integration and rehabilitation. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, is the primary treatment modality, while medication may be used. This work also discusses the need for further research. It discusses potential connections between childhood trauma and cognitive strategies, the role of DID in enhancing aggression and self-protection abilities, and the impact of comorbid PTSD on treatment outcomes. By addressing these research gaps, more effective treatments for DID can be developed.
Keywords
Dissociative Identity Disorder, etiology, cognitive ability, treatment
[1]. Psychology Today(Ed. ), 2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/dissociation
[2]. MayoClinic(Ed.),2023.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215
[3]. ClevelandClinic(Ed.),2023.https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9792-dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder
[4]. Lora Dimitrova, Vinuri Fernando, Eline M. Vissia, Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis, Nel Draijer & Antje A. T. S. Reinders. 2005. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20008198.2019.1705599
[5]. Vissia EM, Lawrence AJ, Chalavi S, Giesen ME, Draijer N, Nijenhuis ERS, Aleman A, Veltman DJ, Reinders AATS. Dissociative identity state-dependent working memory in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study. BJPsych Open. 2022 Apr 11;8(3):e82. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.22. PMID: 35403592; PMCID: PMC9059616.
[6]. Huntjens RJC, Rijkeboer MM, Arntz A. Schema therapy for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): rationale and study protocol. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2019 Feb 14;10(1):1571377. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1571377. PMID: 30815233; PMCID: PMC6383624.
[7]. Dimitrova L, Fernando V, Vissia EM, Nijenhuis ERS, Draijer N, Reinders AATS. Sleep, trauma, fantasy and cognition in dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and healthy controls: a replication and extension study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020 Jan 13;11(1):1705599. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1705599. PMID: 32082509; PMCID: PMC7006753.
[8]. James A. Chu. (2005). Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder in Adults, Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6:4, 69-149, DOI: 10.1300/J229v06n04_05
[9]. Sno HN, Schalken HF. Dissociative identity disorder: diagnosis and treatment in the Netherlands. Eur Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;14(5):270-7. doi: 10.1016/s0924-9338(99)00171-6. PMID: 10572357.
[10]. SLOGAR, S. 2011. Dissociative Identity Disorder: Overview and Current Research. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse [Online], 3. Available: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=525
[11]. Sadock, B.J. and Sadock, W.V. (2008) Kaplan & Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. 3rd Edition, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, 161-164.
[12]. A.A.T. Simone Reinders, Ellert R.S. Nijenhuis, Jacqueline Quak, Jakob Korf, Jaap Haaksma, Anne M.J. Paans, Antoon T.M. Willemsen, Johan A. den Boer. 2006. Psychobiological Characteristics of Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Symptom Provocation Study. Biological Psychiatry. 60(7), 730-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.019
[13]. Buchele BJ. Group psychotherapy for persons with multiple personality and dissociative disorders. Bull Menninger Clin. 1993 Summer;57(3):362-70. PMID: 8401388.
[14]. Vermetten E, Schmahl C, Lindner S, Loewenstein RJ, Bremner JD. Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in dissociative identity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;163(4):630-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.630. PMID: 16585437; PMCID: PMC3233754.
[15]. Tsai GE, Condie D, Wu MT, Chang IW. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of personality switches in a woman with dissociative identity disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1999 Jul-Aug;7(2):119-22. PMID: 10471251.
[16]. Bryant RA. Autobiographical memory across personalities in dissociative identity disorder: a case report. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995 Nov;104(4):625-31. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.104.4.625. PMID: 8530765.
[17]. Elzinga BM, Phaf RH, Ardon AM, van Dyck R. Directed forgetting between, but not within, dissociative personality states. J Abnorm Psychol. 2003 May;112(2):237-43. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.112.2.237. PMID: 12784833.
Cite this article
Yang,A.;Luo,S.;Liu,Y.;Wang,C. (2024). The Study of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Etiology, Cognitive Ability and Treatment. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,60,83-90.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Psychology and Humanity Studies
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).