Social Exclusion and Sense of Belonging: Being Excluded by Strangers and Being Excluded by Familiar People

Research Article
Open access

Social Exclusion and Sense of Belonging: Being Excluded by Strangers and Being Excluded by Familiar People

Yuanyuan Geng 1*
  • 1 Yuanyuan Geng, Beijing Haidian Kaiwen Academy, Beijing, 100195, China    
  • *corresponding author 1921413449@qq.com
LNEP Vol.6
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-37-9
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-38-6

Abstract

Humans are social animals, and sense of belonging is one of our existence needs. When people are placed in a new environment with both strangers and familiar people, they tend to first contact with people they are familiar with. The study aims to find out the relationship between people's sense of belonging and the identity of the excluder. I conducted a questionnaire to examine whether there is a difference in sense of belonging when the identity of the exluder is different. There are five different conditions displayed in the questionnaire in separate sections, and participants are going to complete all five sections. The closeness between the excluder and the participants in the five conditions is divided into five scales (completely strange; seen but do not know; know but not well; know and familiar with; and recognized to be friends). The five conditions in the questionnaire test the relationship between participlants’ sense of belonging and different degrees of the closeness between the excluder and the participants. The hypothesized result is that as the closeness between the excluder and participants is higher, participants’ senses of belonging will be lower. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire demonstrates that people’s sense of belonging is significantly different when the identity of the excluder is different.

Keywords:

Social exclusion, Ostracism, Belonging, Closeness, Friendship

Geng,Y. (2023). Social Exclusion and Sense of Belonging: Being Excluded by Strangers and Being Excluded by Familiar People. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,6,393-398.
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References

[1]. Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140

[2]. Maner, J. K., C. Nathan DeWall, Baumeister, R. F., & Schaller, M. (2007). Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the “porcupine problem.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.42

[3]. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

[4]. Chernyak, N., & Zayas, V. (2010). Being excluded by one means being excluded by all: Perceiving exclusion from inclusive others during one-person social exclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(3), 582–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.01.004

[5]. Kimel, S. Y., Mischkowski, D., Miyagawa, Y., & Niiya, Y. (2022). Left out but “in control”? culture variations in perceived control when excluded by a close other. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620987436

[6]. Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641

[7]. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

[8]. Lambert, N. M., Stillman, T. F., Hicks, J. A., Kamble, S., Baumeister, R. F., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). To Belong Is to Matter. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1418–1427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213499186

[9]. Hagerty, B. M. K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(3), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-h

[10]. Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03203630

Cite this article

Geng,Y. (2023). Social Exclusion and Sense of Belonging: Being Excluded by Strangers and Being Excluded by Familiar People. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,6,393-398.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 5

ISBN：978-1-915371-37-9(Print) / 978-1-915371-38-6(Online)
Editor：Muhammad Idrees, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
Conference date: 18 December 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.6
ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140

[2]. Maner, J. K., C. Nathan DeWall, Baumeister, R. F., & Schaller, M. (2007). Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the “porcupine problem.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.42

[3]. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

[4]. Chernyak, N., & Zayas, V. (2010). Being excluded by one means being excluded by all: Perceiving exclusion from inclusive others during one-person social exclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(3), 582–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.01.004

[5]. Kimel, S. Y., Mischkowski, D., Miyagawa, Y., & Niiya, Y. (2022). Left out but “in control”? culture variations in perceived control when excluded by a close other. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620987436

[6]. Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641

[7]. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

[8]. Lambert, N. M., Stillman, T. F., Hicks, J. A., Kamble, S., Baumeister, R. F., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). To Belong Is to Matter. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1418–1427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213499186

[9]. Hagerty, B. M. K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(3), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-h

[10]. Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03203630

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