Angry Friends, Happy Crowd: How the Emotionally Charged Content Influences Online Behavior

Research Article
Open access

Angry Friends, Happy Crowd: How the Emotionally Charged Content Influences Online Behavior

Mengyuan Chen 1
  • 1 Department of Organizational Sciences and Communication, George Washington University, 600 21st Street NW, Washington DC, 20052, U.S.,    
  • *corresponding author
Published on 1 March 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/3/2022331
LNEP Vol.3
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-09-6
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-10-2

Abstract

Social media are becoming new venues for more and more people to get information, express opinions, and connect with others. Various online communication behaviors carry and, meanwhile, are influenced by certain emotions. This study adopted a mixed method of survey and in-depth interviews to examine how the emotionally loaded content influenced people's online engagement. The targeted population focused on those active users on Chinese social media. The results revealed a unique phenomenon on social media in post-Covid China that both joy and anger attracted greater attention and more interaction. Also, the emotion of shock turned out to be unexpectedly influential on people's sharing behavior. It ranked ahead of anger and was second only to joy in getting people's attention. Furthermore, this study found that the content virality depended on the intended audience group—that people tended to forward the angry messages to friends in private and retweet the joyful content publicly. These findings added nuances to previous literature concerning the role of emotions on social media. It reflected a relatively new reality of the post-Covid online phenomena in China.

Keywords:

anger, shock, emotions, online communication, joy, social media

Chen,M. (2023). Angry Friends, Happy Crowd: How the Emotionally Charged Content Influences Online Behavior. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,3,775-784.
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References

[1]. Harris,J.(2010,April 15).How Often Is the Times Tweeted?https://open.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/15/how-often-is-the-times-tweeted/

[2]. Derks,D.,Fischer,A.H.,&Bos,A.E.R.(2008).The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication:A review.Computers in Human Behavior,24(3):766–785.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.004

[3]. Berger,J.,&Milkman,K.L.(2010).Social Transmission,Emotion,and the Virality of Online Content.Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series 2010,3:251–289.

[4]. Brady,W.J.,Wills,J.A.,Jost,J.T.,Tucker,J.A.,&Van Bavel,J.J.(2017).Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,114(28):7313–7318.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114

[5]. Chuai,Y.,&Zhao,J.(2020).Anger makes fake news viral online.ArXiv:2004.10399[Cs].http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10399

[6]. Goldenberg,A.,&Gross,J.J.(2020).Digital Emotion Contagion.Trends in Cognitive Sciences,24(4):316–328.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.009

[7]. Valentino,N.A.,Hutchings,V.L.,Banks,A.J.,&Davis,A.K.(2008).Is a Worried Citizen a Good Citizen?Emotions,Political Information Seeking,and Learning via the Internet.Political Psychology,29(2):247–273.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00625.x

[8]. Xiong,X.,Zhou,G.,Huang,Y.,Chen,H.,&Xu,K.(2013).Dynamic evolution of collective emotions in social networks:A case study of Sina weibo.Science China Information Sciences,56(7):1–18.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-4892-8

[9]. Brader,T.(2005).Striking a Responsive Chord:How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions.American Journal of Political Science,49(2):388–405.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x

[10]. Parkinson,B.(1996).Emotions are social.British Journal of Psychology,87(4):663–683.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x

[11]. Van Kleef,G.A.(2009).How Emotions Regulate Social Life:The Emotions as Social Information(EASI)Model.Current Directions in Psychological Science,18(3):184–188.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x

[12]. Barsade,S.G.(2002).The Ripple Effect:Emotional Contagion and its Influence on Group Behavior.Administrative Science Quarterly,47(4):644–675.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/3094912

[13]. Pugh,S.(2001).Service with a Smile:Emotional Contagion in the Service Encounter.The Academy of Management Journal,44(5):1018-1027.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/3069445

[14]. Hatfield,E.,Cacioppo,J.T.,&Rapson,R.L.(1993).Emotional Contagion.Current Directions in Psychological Science,2(3):96–100.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953

[15]. Fan,R.,Xu,K.,&Zhao,J.(2016).Higher contagion and weaker ties mean anger spreads faster than joy in social media.ArXiv:1608.03656[Physics].http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.03656

[16]. Godes,D.,Mayzlin,D.,Chen,Y.,Das,S.,Dellarocas,C.,Pfeiffer,B.,Libai,B.,Sen,S.,Shi,M.,&Verlegh,P.(2005).The Firm’s Management of Social Interactions.Market Letter,16:415–428.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-005-5902-4

[17]. Wojnicki,A.C.,&Godes,D.(2008).Word-of-Mouth as Self-Enhancement.SSRN Electronic Journal.https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.908999

[18]. Stieglitz,S.,&Dang-Xuan,L.(2012).Political Communication and Influence through Microblogging—An Empirical Analysis of Sentiment in Twitter Messages and Retweet Behavior.In:2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Hawaii.pp.3500–3509.https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.476

[19]. Chmiel,A.,Sobkowicz,P.,Sienkiewicz,J.,Paltoglou,G.,Buckley,K.,Thelwall,M.,&Hołyst,J.A.(2011).Negative emotions boost user activity at BBC forum.Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,390(16):2936–2944.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2011.03.040

[20]. Wollebæk,D.,Karlsen,R.,Steen-Johnsen,K.,&Enjolras,B.(2019).Anger,Fear,and Echo Chambers:The Emotional Basis for Online Behavior.Social Media+Society,5(2):1-14.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119829859

[21]. Hansen,L.K.,Arvidsson,A.,Nielsen,F.A.,Colleoni,E.,&Etter,M.(2011).Good Friends,Bad News—Affect and Virality in Twitter.In:J.J.Park,L.T.Yang,&C.Lee(Eds.),Future Information Technology.Springer.Berlin Heidelberg.185:34–43.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22309-9_5


Cite this article

Chen,M. (2023). Angry Friends, Happy Crowd: How the Emotionally Charged Content Influences Online Behavior. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,3,775-784.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Educational Innovation and Philosophical Inquiries (ICEIPI 2022), Part II

ISBN:978-1-915371-09-6(Print) / 978-1-915371-10-2(Online)
Editor:Abdullah Laghari, Nasir Mahmood
Conference website: https://www.iceipi.org/
Conference date: 4 August 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.3
ISSN:2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Harris,J.(2010,April 15).How Often Is the Times Tweeted?https://open.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/15/how-often-is-the-times-tweeted/

[2]. Derks,D.,Fischer,A.H.,&Bos,A.E.R.(2008).The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication:A review.Computers in Human Behavior,24(3):766–785.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.004

[3]. Berger,J.,&Milkman,K.L.(2010).Social Transmission,Emotion,and the Virality of Online Content.Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series 2010,3:251–289.

[4]. Brady,W.J.,Wills,J.A.,Jost,J.T.,Tucker,J.A.,&Van Bavel,J.J.(2017).Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,114(28):7313–7318.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618923114

[5]. Chuai,Y.,&Zhao,J.(2020).Anger makes fake news viral online.ArXiv:2004.10399[Cs].http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10399

[6]. Goldenberg,A.,&Gross,J.J.(2020).Digital Emotion Contagion.Trends in Cognitive Sciences,24(4):316–328.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.009

[7]. Valentino,N.A.,Hutchings,V.L.,Banks,A.J.,&Davis,A.K.(2008).Is a Worried Citizen a Good Citizen?Emotions,Political Information Seeking,and Learning via the Internet.Political Psychology,29(2):247–273.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00625.x

[8]. Xiong,X.,Zhou,G.,Huang,Y.,Chen,H.,&Xu,K.(2013).Dynamic evolution of collective emotions in social networks:A case study of Sina weibo.Science China Information Sciences,56(7):1–18.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-4892-8

[9]. Brader,T.(2005).Striking a Responsive Chord:How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions.American Journal of Political Science,49(2):388–405.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x

[10]. Parkinson,B.(1996).Emotions are social.British Journal of Psychology,87(4):663–683.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x

[11]. Van Kleef,G.A.(2009).How Emotions Regulate Social Life:The Emotions as Social Information(EASI)Model.Current Directions in Psychological Science,18(3):184–188.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x

[12]. Barsade,S.G.(2002).The Ripple Effect:Emotional Contagion and its Influence on Group Behavior.Administrative Science Quarterly,47(4):644–675.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/3094912

[13]. Pugh,S.(2001).Service with a Smile:Emotional Contagion in the Service Encounter.The Academy of Management Journal,44(5):1018-1027.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/3069445

[14]. Hatfield,E.,Cacioppo,J.T.,&Rapson,R.L.(1993).Emotional Contagion.Current Directions in Psychological Science,2(3):96–100.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953

[15]. Fan,R.,Xu,K.,&Zhao,J.(2016).Higher contagion and weaker ties mean anger spreads faster than joy in social media.ArXiv:1608.03656[Physics].http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.03656

[16]. Godes,D.,Mayzlin,D.,Chen,Y.,Das,S.,Dellarocas,C.,Pfeiffer,B.,Libai,B.,Sen,S.,Shi,M.,&Verlegh,P.(2005).The Firm’s Management of Social Interactions.Market Letter,16:415–428.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-005-5902-4

[17]. Wojnicki,A.C.,&Godes,D.(2008).Word-of-Mouth as Self-Enhancement.SSRN Electronic Journal.https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.908999

[18]. Stieglitz,S.,&Dang-Xuan,L.(2012).Political Communication and Influence through Microblogging—An Empirical Analysis of Sentiment in Twitter Messages and Retweet Behavior.In:2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Hawaii.pp.3500–3509.https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.476

[19]. Chmiel,A.,Sobkowicz,P.,Sienkiewicz,J.,Paltoglou,G.,Buckley,K.,Thelwall,M.,&Hołyst,J.A.(2011).Negative emotions boost user activity at BBC forum.Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,390(16):2936–2944.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2011.03.040

[20]. Wollebæk,D.,Karlsen,R.,Steen-Johnsen,K.,&Enjolras,B.(2019).Anger,Fear,and Echo Chambers:The Emotional Basis for Online Behavior.Social Media+Society,5(2):1-14.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119829859

[21]. Hansen,L.K.,Arvidsson,A.,Nielsen,F.A.,Colleoni,E.,&Etter,M.(2011).Good Friends,Bad News—Affect and Virality in Twitter.In:J.J.Park,L.T.Yang,&C.Lee(Eds.),Future Information Technology.Springer.Berlin Heidelberg.185:34–43.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22309-9_5