Research Article
Open access
Published on 7 December 2023
Download pdf
Li,Y.;Ren,Y. (2023). A Review of Research on Fossilization in Second Language Learning. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,28,43-48.
Export citation

A Review of Research on Fossilization in Second Language Learning

Yingjiao Li *,1, Yijing Ren 2
  • 1 Shanghai Jian Qiao University
  • 2 Xianyang Normal University

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/28/20231246

Abstract

Language fossilization is the most important feature of interlanguage, and interlanguage is a universal and inevitable phenomenon during the second language learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of fossilization. In recent years, there has been more and more researches on language fossilization, but there are different opinions on the causes and manifestation. To comprehend the psychological mechanism underlying fossilization, and explore the possible causes of fossilization and its influence on foreign language teaching strategies. The research on language fossilization needs to be continued. Based on Selinker’s main views of fossilization, this paper expounds on the possible causes and the main manifestations of language fossilization followed by a discussion on fossilization by Krashen, Elis and other scholars, while in view of the problems in the process of Chinese students’ English learning and English teachers’ teaching methods. This paper also puts forward some corresponding preventive strategies and suggestions.

Keywords

language fossilization, interlanguage, Selinker

[1]. Selinker, L. (1972) ‘Interlanguage.’ International Review of Applied Linguistics X: 209-30.

[2]. Flynn, S. and W. O’Neil (1988) Linguistic theory in second language acquisition. Dordrecht. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

[3]. Schachter, J. (1996) Maturation and the issue of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition. In W. Ritchie and T. Bhatia (eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition. San Diego: Academic Press. 159–93.

[4]. Sorace, A. (1996) Permanent optionality as divergence in non-native grammars. Paper presented at EUROSLA 6, Nijmegen.

[5]. Lardiere, D. (1998) Case and tense in the ‘fossilized’ steady state. Second Language Research 14.1: 1–26.

[6]. Schumann, J. (1978) ‘Second language acquisition: the pidginization hypothesis’ in Hatch (ed.).

[7]. Krashen, S. (1985) The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. Torrance, CA: Laredo.

[8]. Ellis, R. (1994. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[9]. Selinker, L. and J. Lamendella. (1978). ‘Fossilization in interlanguage’ in C. Blatchford and J. Schachter (eds.). On TESOL ‘78: EFL Policies, Programs, Practices. Washington D.C.: TESOL.

[10]. Vigil, F, & J∙ Oller, (1976) Rules of fossilization: a tentative model, Language Teaching, (26):281-295.

[11]. Tomlinson, P (1997)∙∙ Teaching and Learning: Contents, knowledge, skill of learning promotion potential ∙ Handout, 23-24.

[12]. Qiang, N. (2001). On different types of output and the elicitation of optimal output.

[13]. Schumann, J∙(1978) The Pidginization Process: a model for second language acquisitio ∙ Mass∙: Newbury House.

[14]. Xuemei Z.(2000). A Cognitive Study of Fossilization. Journal of Foreign Languages, 1004-5139 04-0018-06.

[15]. Krashen, D∙ (1985) The Input Hypothesis:issues & implications ∙London: Longman, ∙43- 47.

[16]. Williams, M∙ & Burden, R ∙ (1997) Psychology for Language Teachers: a social constructivist approach,∙ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 120-142.

[17]. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 219-231.

[18]. Gass, S. (1984). A review of interlanguage syntax: Language transfer and language universals. Language learning, 34(2), 115-132.

[19]. Selinker, L., & Rutherford, W. E. (2013). Rediscovering interlanguage. Routledge.

[20]. Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer (Vol. 27). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[21]. Cummins, J. (2005). Teaching for cross-language transfer in dual language education: Possibilities and pitfalls. In TESOL Symposium on dual language education: Teaching and learning two languages in the EFL setting (pp. 1-18).

[22]. Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. Routledge.

[23]. Gao Yun, & Zhu Jingmei. (2005). Emergence of Language Fossilization and Strategies to Prevent It. Foreign Language Education, 26(3), 3.

[24]. Niu Qiang. (2000). The fossilization of interlanguage and its teaching enlightenment . Foreign Language and foreign language Education(5), 4.

[25]. Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. (1983). Strategies in interlanguage communication. (No Title).

Cite this article

Li,Y.;Ren,Y. (2023). A Review of Research on Fossilization in Second Language Learning. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,28,43-48.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies

Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
ISBN:978-1-83558-171-1(Print) / 978-1-83558-172-8(Online)
Conference date: 15 November 2023
Editor:Javier Cifuentes-Faura, Enrique Mallen
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.28
ISSN:2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).