1. Introduction

From the very beginning, the imperial examination system has been deeply influenced by our country's system category, historical tradition and political system, which also determines its limited historical and realistic role in the political system. The imperial examination system extended the selection of officials to the whole society, provided a relatively fair opportunity for China's intellectuals to compete, and gave the country a wide range of political talents and a stable system. In particular, the civil service performance evaluation system established on this basis also has a positive reference value for curbing corruption. The imperial examination system is a carrier of the concept of "education". It is an education based on political needs, and after the education, the talents found have an impact on politics, which forms a circular structure. This reflects the interaction between the imperial examination system as the carrier of "education" and politics. However, in the feudal society of ancient China, it is inevitable that there will be some limitations.

In the history of world development, the imperial examination system has such two characteristics, that is, the openness and fairness of competition. From the perspective of promoting social fairness, China's ancient imperial examination system was the first in the world, and such an examination system has also promoted the development of China's education cause and reached an advanced level in history. However, in the development of China's imperial examination system, it embodies its advantages, but also shows its shortcomings. In view of the advantages and disadvantages of China's ancient imperial examination system, this paper will combine the contemporary education system to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the ancient imperial examination system to the contemporary education cause.

2. The Role of Imperial Examination System to Society

2.1. The Imperial Examination System Serves Politics

The imperial examination system played an important role in the government of ancient China. It has been found that it can serve politics in the following ways. First, the imperial examination system selects outstanding talents. The imperial examination system ensures the quality and ability of officials by selecting talents with political skills and abilities through examinations. This helps the country build an efficient and stable bureaucratic system to promote the country's development and governance. This reflects the screening function of education. Therefore, the selection of officials or talents can be used to consolidate the rule.

2.2. Selection of Good Talent

The main purpose of the examination is to select suitable talents for the ruling class. These selected talents should not only be able to obey the will of the rulers, but also have considerable ability to assist the rulers in their administration. Only when the means of examination truly become the mainstream of official selection will its function be more specific and complete, and the establishment of the imperial examination system is to meet this requirement. The imperial examination system makes it possible to give the scholar an ultimatum to enter by himself, to apply for an examination freely, to divide the subjects to select the scholars, and to determine the success or failure according to the examination results.

Education has the function of screening, so the imperial examination system also improves the ability of government management. The Imperial Examination System selects officials through examinations, enabling government departments to employ talented people. This will help the court to recruit talents from all over the world, improve the ability and efficiency of government management, and promote the smooth progress of national governance.

At the same time, the establishment of the imperial examination system increased the opportunities for dialogue and communication between the ruling class and the ruled class, thus drawing the attention of the scholar class to the focus of social contradictions. On the one hand, they can help them enter the temple and become officials by gaining fame. The desires of the officials, be they high or low, be they noble or vulgar. All can be satisfied. Scholars are eager for fame and wealth.

So is their understanding of their own position, even those who have failed the examination. To imagine oneself as a "quasi-bureaucrat" because of illusions was, at least ideologically, a thing of the past, Jingkai is on the same side as the ruling class [1].

On the other hand, those who can be proud of their scientific research become and are the ruling class. A bridge of communication and dialogue is between the ruling classes. This is because they come from the bottom of society. At the grassroots level, the understanding and comprehension of the grassroots is deeper than that of the high rulers and society. It will be easier to communicate with each other at the grassroots level, so the information obtained will be more direct and objective.

The upper ruling class can also make their will better known through them. They can be effectively transmitted to the ruled class. Such a mechanism of communication increases domination and being. The mutual understanding of the ruling class has cleared the channels blocked by the convergence of social contradictions. It’s the intensity of the confrontation between the rulers and the ruled.

In a sense, the establishment of the imperial examination system and the expansion of the methods of talent selection have. It is conducive to strengthening the ruling power, ensuring the stability of the ruling foundation and maintaining the ruling order.

At the same time, the imperial examination system strengthened the control function of political rule. Now the social elite in the context of the lottery controls the behaviour of the elite [2]. At the same time, it also manifests itself in the strengthening of the ideological leadership of the elite and all the ruling classes. Obedience in behaviour does not mean agreement in thought.

To achieve long-term stability, the ruling class must also be able to fight to be ruled ideologically [3]. Broad class recognition. This requires the ruling class to seek one thing: to be united. The ruling class can not only obey the ruling will in behaviour, but also accept the ruling will in ideology. A two-pronged approach to desire. With the final establishment of the imperial examination system, not only was the unification of the whole society finally realised,

The behaviour of the elite in the circle is induced, and their ideological grasp is realized. It is said that elite have found a reasonable instrument that can effectively reproduce and internalise the ruling ideology.

The previous political system was already corrupt, and most officials did not have real talent and work, but got their official positions through bribery. This can no longer adapt to social development. At the same time, it caused great damage to the country's governance [4]. Subsequently, the introduction of the imperial examination system made the process of appointing officials by the government fairer and more transparent. Through open examinations and selection procedures, the people recognise the selection of officials. This transparency also greatly increased the enthusiasm of the lower class for learning [5]. The rise of the lower class created a theatrical effect, and over time this concept of education derived from the desire to become an official seemed to develop into a belief.

3. The Role of Society in Imperial Examinations: The Concept of Education Is Popularised

On the other hand, the imperial examination system popularised the concept of education and planned the subjects and contents of examinations. Through widespread popularisation, it has provided more opportunities for people to obtain education, get rid of poverty and change their destiny [6]. This fair distribution of opportunities helps to narrow the gap between social classes, increase social mobility and make society more just and inclusive. At the same time, it has promoted the stability of the old political society. Political development is more in line with the needs of the people.

Selecting talents and placing them in various political institutions is only one part of building political power. How to supervise the incumbents and urge them to make contributions, how to test the merits and demerits of the talents to strengthen the management of talents, and how to evaluate the merits and demerits of the incumbents rationally and scientifically is the key to strengthening the management of incumbents.

In the Tang Dynasty, evaluation was mainly based on morality. The standard of virtue is "Virtue is possessed, heard, written clearly, fair and diligent" [7]. There are "twenty-seven best practices", for example, "propriety and righteousness promote practice, clean up the subordinates - the best of politics and religion", "reward and punishment are clear, attack and battle will be won - the best of generals and so on" [8,9]. The purpose of the evaluation is to "promote the virtuous to promote the good, and refuse to eliminate the evil".

In the Song Dynasty, special institutions were set up, namely the Court of Judges and the Court of Examinations, which were responsible for the examination of Beijing officials, curtain officials and county officials respectively. Their method is "each official prepares the examination certificate, called "calendar paper", and each official records the merits and demerits of his subordinate officials in peacetime as the basis for evaluation". "Emperor Wei Shenzong made it clear that the "Four Gingers and Four Most" should prevail. The "Four Most" refer to the prison without prison, taxes without disturbance for the most governance; farming and mulberry cultivation and water conservancy construction are the most important lessons. Drive out the thieves, the people live in peace for the city of the most; relief for the poor, not exile is the most important support.

The Qing Dynasty followed the content and specific measures of the Ming Dynasty, so it was slightly different and divided into two types: full examination and investigation. Full examination refers to the prior examination of the duties performed by the officials themselves. According to the officials are classified as "competent", "ordinary" and "incompetent". The methods of evaluation vary according to grade or position. The Emperor participated in the final evaluation of senior officials (above the fourth grade). The regular evaluation of all officials is called the "grand plan" inspection, which is divided into "external inspection" and "Beijing inspection" [10]. "Examination" and "investigation" are based on written historical materials and form various documents. Punishment is given to those who "take the opportunity to pay for their grievances" in the evaluation, resulting in an "improper reputation".

4. Limitations

Despite these positive effects, under the influence of the feudal political environment, the imperial examination system could not avoid some limitations. For example, the content of the examination is too narrow: the imperial examination system has a limited range of knowledge and skills for candidates, focusing mainly on the study of Confucian classics. This limits the development of other schools of knowledge and thought, and affects the cultivation of personal comprehensive quality and innovative ability.

There is a serious tendency for exam-oriented education: the imperial examination system pays too much attention to memory and exam-oriented skills, which makes the educational process utilitarian. Students pay more attention to how to get good grades in examinations, but neglect the cultivation of critical thinking, creativity and practical application.

The problem of corruption is becoming increasingly serious: the selection process in the imperial examination is prone to corruption. Some candidates may gain undue advantage through bribery and nepotism, which undermines the principle of fair and impartial selection and damages the credibility of state rule.

Due to the fierce competition in the imperial examination, the number of people taking the examination is relatively small, leading to inequality in society. At the same time, candidates often face tremendous psychological pressure, which can have a negative impact on their physical and mental health.

The limitations caused by reliance on Confucianism: The imperial examination system is mainly based on Confucian classics, which severely restricts the development of other learning and schools of thought. This can lead to a simplification of thinking, ignore the importance of multiculturalism and ideas, and affect the breadth and depth of national governance.

In addition, the arrangement of examination subjects and contents is mainly based on the candidates' study of Confucian classics. The degree of cultural familiarity is the main reference. The subjects and contents of the imperial examination have been compared with those of its predecessors. Other examination systems have expanded the scope of Confucian cultural knowledge.

The trend in setting examination subjects is to move from multi-subject to unified single-subject. The same applies to Rong Shang. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content and form of the examination was mainly an eight-part essay. The eight-part essay is the most typical dogmatic form of indoctrination and rigid standard. Change the answer form, the frame of mind to the examinee is more serious, to the examinee study Confucian classics The requirements are higher, and it is easier to make the ruling ideology deeply rooted in the knowledge system of scholars.

These restrictions partly limited the impact of the imperial examination system on the selection of officials and the governance of the state. With the changes of time, these problems gradually led to the criticism and reform of the imperial examination system, which was finally abolished in the late Qing Dynasty, paving the way for China's modernisation process. With the gradual deepening of the reform of the economic system, China's original personnel system clearly shows incompatibility with the economic development of the various shortcomings are becoming more and more prominent.

The various shortcomings of the system are becoming more and more apparent. There is no scientific classification of national public officials, and it is impossible to implement classification management. There is no objective, fair and open system for the appointment and promotion of personnel. There are no objective, fair and open criteria for the appointment and promotion of personnel. There is no scientific training system to improve the quality of personnel. There are no clear and strict norms on the behaviour of public officials. There are no clear and strict norms on the behaviour of public officials, and the management of personnel is not defined in the form of laws and regulations. The personal opinions of leaders at all levels are often decisive.

The personal opinion of leaders at all levels often plays a decisive role, and the will of the chief is serious. After the abandonment of the old recruitment system, a complete, scientific, continuous and stable recruitment system has not been established. Therefore, there is a lack of competitive mechanisms and legal procedures for the recruitment of personnel. Although there is an examination, there is no legal regulation to control the various aspects of the examination.

There is no legalisation of the procedure, and the organisations employ their own people and organise their own examinations. In the absence of legalisation of the examination system, such examinations can only serve the purpose of nepotism. This kind of examination can only serve as a good whitewash for nepotism, cronyism and the unhealthy trend of suppressing talents. Even if there is an election, it is often the first internal designation, followed by election to make the democratic election system a mere formality. The result is that the talent hired is not responsible to the law and the people, but to the power holders, to the higher competent person in charge, resulting in the promotion of subordinates. Rewards are realised by fulfilling the desires of the higher one for profit.

This is the root cause of all malpractices and corruption of power. This system of selection and appointment is not conducive to the absorption of outstanding talents into the civil service, and even keeps some outstanding talents away from government administration. It is also not conducive to the promotion of outstanding talent to leadership positions, and job promotion lack of statutory criteria. Statutory procedures are often unable to promote those who have the ability, while those who are good at engaging in improper means can easily succeed. To this end, the essence of the imperial examination system is to learn from the public examination and recruitment, and set up a scientific and reasonable examination and recruitment system. In the procedure for recruiting talents, the legal mechanism is introduced into the civil service recruitment process.

However, in the process of recruiting talents, the legal mechanism will be introduced into the whole process of recruiting and promoting civil servants, so as to make it legalised, institutionalised and proceduralised. The system will undoubtedly have a positive significance in attracting all kinds of talents and improving the administrative quality of the administrative personnel.

5. Conclusion

This paper studies the interplay between the imperial examination system and politics and society in ancient China. He had a profound influence on the institutions of both ancient and modern China. At the same time, it also deeply explores its limitations, and summarizes the experience and enlightenment of the modern education system. It provides valuable experience for the reform and progress of the modern education system.

The following are some examples of the ways in which people can improve the quality of the administration of the civil service.

First of all, a public announcement system should be gradually introduced for all aspects of the civil service examination and recruitment process. It should consciously accept the supervision of all sectors of society or the media and hold the civil service recruitment gate from the source.

Secondly, the examination and recruitment of personnel are hierarchical. According to the recruitment of different positions, the focus of the assessment is also different. For leadership positions above the section level, the assessment focuses on coordination, organisation and decision-making skills.

The examination for general positions focuses more on basic knowledge and basic skills. It should make the level of recruited personnel and the examination is set up to combine the level of the recruited personnel and the examination. Therefore, according to different posts organisation design different assessment content, giving different talents different development places. Different posts have different professionals. This will facilitate the creation of a competent, professional and high-quality civil service team.