Prevalence of upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jingyu Xu

doi:10.54254/3049-5458/1/2024006

Research Article

Open access

Published on 28 August 2024

Download pdf

Xu,J. (2024). Prevalence of upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory,1,28-34.

Export citation

Prevalence of upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jingyu Xu *^,1,

¹ University of Sydney

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/3049-5458/1/2024006

Abstract

Nowadays, more and more people suffering from upper cross syndrome. This paper is a systematic review of upper cross syndrome. It found the relationships between the prevalence of upper cross syndrome and country, gender, assessment tools, and study quality. This systematic review systematically searched 7 databases. Prevalence was pooled across studies using a random-effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to compare prevalence estimates across groups. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Quality assessment checklist. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 test. 7 out of 74112 records met with included criteria in this systematic review to have meta-analysis, which involved 3722 participants with Upper crossed syndrome. The pooled prevalence estimate of Upper crossed syndrome was found to be 0.35 (95%CI: 0.25-0.44). When the sex ratio>1, the prevalence of Upper crossed syndrome was 0.26 (95%CI: 0.22-0.30), sex ratio<1, it was 0.39 (95%CI: 0.24-0.53). The prevalence of Upper crossed syndrome in high quality studies was 0.38(95%CI:0.23-0.54), while in fair quality studies, it was 0.19(95%CI:0.04-0.34). There was no difference of the prevalence by different assessment tools. Based on such a high prevalence, intervention strategies must be implemented early in the public health field to reduce the prevalence or increase the number of patients who seek early treatment.

Keywords

prevalence of upper cross syndrome, systematic review, meta-analysis

View pdf

References

[1]. GBD 2021 Neck Pain Collaborators. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Rheumatology, 6(3), e142–e155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00321-1

[2]. Thacker, D., Jameson, J., Baker, J., Divine, J., & Unfried, A. (2011). Management of upper cross syndrome through the use of active release technique and prescribed exercises. Logan College of Chiropractic.

[3]. Chang, M. C., Choo, Y. J., Hong, K., Boudier-Revéret, M., & Yang, S. (2023). Treatment of upper crossed syndrome: A narrative systematic review. Healthcare, 11(16), 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162328

[4]. Gillani, S. N., Ain, Q., Rehman, S. U., & Masood, T. (2020). Effects of eccentric muscle energy technique versus static stretching exercises in the management of cervical dysfunction in upper cross syndrome: A randomized control trial. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70(3), 394–398. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.300417

[5]. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., & Boutron. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical Research Edition), 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

[6]. Joanna Briggs Institute. (2017). The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews. https://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools

[7]. The jamovi project. (2022). jamovi (Version 2.3) [Computer software]. https://www.jamovi

[8]. R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.1) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org (R packages retrieved from MRAN snapshot 2022-01-01).

[9]. Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(1), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03

[10]. Fatima, A., Ashraf, H. S., & Sohail, M. (2020). Prevalence of upper cross syndrome and associated postural deviations in computer operators: A qualitative study. Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 7(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.52229/ajahs.v7i3.1645

[11]. Naseer, R., & Tauqeer, S. (2021). Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in different occupations. Pakistan Journal of Physical Therapy, 1-10. https://journals.uol.edu.pk/PJPT/article/view/980/708

[12]. Hussain, G., Nawaz, A., & Haroon, M. (2023). Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in working female physiotherapists: A cross-sectional survey. Bioscience Research Journal, 2023(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.402

[13]. Mubashir, M. (2021). A cross-sectional survey on prevalence of upper cross syndrome and its correlation to WRMSDs in working physiotherapists. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation, 1-6. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjr/article/view/920

[14]. Javed, A., Fatima, U., & Jadoon, I. J. (2022). Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in medical students of Women Medical College, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Women Medical & Dental College, 1(1), 1-10. https://www.jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/42/26

[15]. Zhang, C., Zhang, J., & Yang, G. (2023). Association between internet addiction and the risk of upper cross syndrome in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study. Medicine, 102(30), e34273. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034273

[16]. Mujawar, J. C., & Sagar, J. H. (2019). Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in laundry workers. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 23(1), 54–56. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_169_18

[17]. Lv, Y., Tian, W., Chen, D., Liu, Y., Wang, L., & Duan, F. (2018). The prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic cervical spondylosis in Chinese adults: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19(1), 325. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2234-0

[18]. Chang, M. C., Choo, Y. J., Hong, K., Boudier-Revéret, M., & Yang, S. (2023). Treatment of upper crossed syndrome: A narrative systematic review. Healthcare, 11(16), 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162328

[19]. Taqui, A. M., Shaikh, M., Gowani, S. A., et al. (2008). Body dysmorphic disorder: Gender differences and prevalence in a Pakistani medical student population. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-20

[20]. Haizlip, K. M., Harrison, B. C., & Leinwand, L. A. (2015). Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle kinetics and fiber-type composition. Physiology, 30(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00024.2014

[21]. Purushothaman, Y., & Yoganandan, N. (2022). Gender differences in cervical spine motions and loads with head supported mass using finite element models. Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy, 5(4), 041004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054856

[22]. Yoganandan, N., Bass, C. R., Voo, L., & Pintar, F. A. (2017). Male and female cervical spine biomechanics and anatomy: Implication for scaling injury criteria. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 139(5), 10.1115/1.4036313. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036313

[23]. de-la-Iglesia, L., Bravo, C., & Rubí-Carnacea, F. (2023). Upper crossed syndrome in secondary school students: A mixed-method study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 18(4), 894–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.008

Cite this article

Xu,J. (2024). Prevalence of upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory,1,28-34.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Journal：Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory

Volume number: Vol.1

ISSN：3049-5458(Print) / 3049-5466(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).