Against the backdrop of global environmental change and rapid urbanization, how cities can enhance their capacity to withstand and adapt to uncertain risks has become an urgent and emerging topic across related academic disciplines. Urban resilience assessment has consistently been a core focus within urban resilience studies. Current research mainly concentrates on two aspects: assessment methodologies and the construction of indicator systems. Assessment approaches include indicator-based evaluation methods, simulation modeling, and social network analysis. The development of indicator systems generally draws on models such as PSR, DPSIR, and BRIC, selecting indicators that reflect various dimensions of urban resilience, including social resilience, economic/financial resilience, physical/infrastructure resilience, institutional resilience, and environmental resilience.

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Depression is a common, serious, and recurrent mental disorder that is closely associated with decreased quality of life, increased medical morbidity, and higher mortality rates. Currently, over 300 million people worldwide are affected by depression. According to reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), psychological disorders account for 12% of the global disease burden, and 46% of all illnesses are directly related to depression. WHO experts have warned that, if this trend continues, by 2030 the number of patients with depression will exceed the total number of patients with all cardiovascular diseases, making depression the leading cause of disability worldwide. It has thus become a major global public health concern. Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, originally recorded in Correction of Errors in Medical Classics by Qing dynasty physician Wang Qingren, is known for its functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating qi, and relieving pain. It is now widely used in clinical practice for various conditions characterized by qi stagnation and blood stasis, with notable efficacy. This paper systematically elaborates on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in treating depression accompanied by cognitive dysfunction.

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Metabolic reprogramming in the Tumor Micro-Environment (TME) is one of the core mechanisms driving tumor immunosuppression. This paper systematically explores the functions and regulatory pathways of metabolism-related cells in the TME, such as Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs), eosinophils, and basophils, and analyzes their potential impact on immunotherapy. TAMs polarize into pro-tumor M2 phenotypes through metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glycolysis, arginine metabolism imbalance (High Expression of Arginase (ARG1)), and Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO dependence), secreting immunosuppressive factors such as Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), which inhibit T cell function. In addition, eosinophils and basophils participate in the immune regulation of the TME by releasing cytokines (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and bioactive molecules (histamine, heparin), but their roles are highly microenvironment-dependent. Immunotherapy strategies targeting TAMs include polarization regulation (blocking Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor, (CSF-1R) or activating Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathways), metabolic intervention (inhibiting ARG1/ Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors (IDO)), and targeting the CD47-SIRPα axis, which can synergistically enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as Programmed Death 1/ Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1)) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) therapies. This paper further summarizes the principles, advantages, and processes of current immunotherapy methods and proposes a personalized strategy of combined targeting of metabolic pathways and immune checkpoints to overcome TME heterogeneity and resistance. Future research should delve into the dynamic metabolic networks of the TME, develop novel combination therapies, and provide theoretical and clinical pathways to break through the tumor immunosuppressive barrier.

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Depressive disorder is one of the mental illnesses with the highest global disability rates. Homocysteine (Hcy), a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid, serves as a significant risk factor in the development and progression of various diseases. Current research has revealed a close association between Hcy and depressive disorder. This review focuses on elucidating the mechanisms of Hcy in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder and explores its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target.

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