Astragaloside, as a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, has received widespread attention for its application in dementia treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the neuroprotective effects of astragaloside in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and many other diseases related to cognitive function. It was shown that astragaloside effectively improved the cognitive dysfunction under these conditions through multiple mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and promotion of neuronal survival. In this paper, we hope that the summarization of the current domestic and international studies will help develop more effective treatment options for dementia and also provide new opportunities for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in modern medicine. With future research, the potential of astragaloside in the treatment of dementia will be more fully demonstrated, providing more therapeutic options for an aging society.

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This paper introduces FASSLING, an innovative AI-powered philosophical counseling platform designed to provide accessible, non-clinical emotional and life coaching support. In response to growing mental health challenges, existential distress, and the limitations of traditional therapeutic models, FASSLING offers a scalable and compassionate alternative grounded in philosophical inquiry, emotional intelligence, and cultural sensitivity. Drawing on both Eastern and Western wisdom traditions including Stoicism, existentialism, Confucianism, and mindfulness practices, the platform employs reflective prompts, affirming language, and trauma-informed communication to foster psychological safety and intrinsic motivation. Its non-diagnostic, emotionally intelligent AI system functions not to "fix" users but to validate, witness, support and guide them through moments of vulnerability and uncertainty. The design emphasizes ethical integrity, multilingual inclusivity, and a non-judgmental stance, aiming to democratize access to emotional and life coaching support across global and cultural boundaries. By reframing emotion and life coaching through the lens of transpersonal growth and digital companionship, FASSLING contributes to a new paradigm of relational AI: one that nurtures self-awareness, resilience, and meaning-making in a fragmented world.

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CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in tumor immunotherapy, especially in immune checkpoint therapy, and therefore have become the focus of cancer research. However, although immune checkpoint treatment has shown some efficacy in clinical trials, its effect is still limited by tumor immune escape. Tumors weaken CD8+ T cell function by adapting to immune stress, while mechanisms such as metabolic reprogramming and regulation of immunosuppressive factors further reduce their anti-tumor activity. Based on existing research and data, this paper discusses CD8+ T cell exhaustion, immune checkpoint regulation (PD-1/CTLA-4), and tumor microenvironment metabolism, and summarizes strategies to enhance the effect of immunotherapy. Studies have shown that by inhibiting T cell exhaustion, blocking immune checkpoint signaling pathways, and optimizing metabolism, CD8+ T cell function can be significantly enhanced and the overall therapeutic effect can be improved. However, while metabolic intervention appears promising, its clinical feasibility and safety require further validation. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing T cell immunotherapy and provides new ideas for clinical treatment.

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In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes (TDM) has increased. Metformin, a quintessential hypoglycemic agent, exhibits substantial hypoglycemia effects and possesses various clinical applications. This article reviews the application of metformin in the treatment of diabetes, analyzing its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and safety. Studies have found that metformin performs outstandingly in the intervention of pre-diabetes, cardiovascular protection, and weight management, and the combined treatment effects are significant. Its safety and cost-effectiveness make it an irreplaceable position in the treatment of diabetes. Frequent adverse effects of metformin encompass gastrointestinal distress and vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from prolonged usage. The future development of metformin will focus on precision and long-acting effects, optimizing treatment outcomes through targeted and sustained-release technologies, while meeting individual medication needs.

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