The Influence of Typeface and Case on Critical Care Systems Performance (Medical Ventilator)

Research Article
Open access

The Influence of Typeface and Case on Critical Care Systems Performance (Medical Ventilator)

Muhammad Abrar 1* , CM Nadeem Faisal 2 , Haseeb Ahmad 3 , Moneeb Ahmed 4 , Muhammad Shahid 5
  • 1 Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan    
  • 2 Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan    
  • 3 Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan    
  • 4 Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan    
  • 5 Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan    
  • *corresponding author Moneeb.dhariwal@gmail.com
Published on 22 March 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2/20220587
ACE Vol.2
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-19-5
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-20-1

Abstract

Usability evaluation is a basic tool for investigating a system's performance in different environments. Many studies found a positive influence of different user interface aesthetics and their organization on usability ratings. These design aspects are one of the most important characteristics of systems usability, and few empirical studies have been examining the importance of typography specifically for safety-critical systems. This study aimed to investigate how different typographic factors, i.e., typeface and fontcase, influence a user's performance in health care safety-critical systems. Different study variables were considered, including task completion time, reflection time, and the total number of touches. To test the study objectives, the Hamilton-c6 ventilator prototype was developed. The experiments were conducted on 15 participants, including male and female physicians, in a controlled environment from different healthcare venues. A well-known technique, one-way ANOVA, was used to assess the data. The results suggest a significant difference between serif (times new roman) and sans serif (Calibri) groups for task completion time; in addition to that, the difference between fontcase groups (sentence case, lowercase, and uppercase) was not statistically significant. Moreover, this study investigated the pairwise influence of different typeface and fontcase groups. The results show a significant difference in task completion time. The descriptive analysis of different groups shows that the times new roman with the upper case group has the lowest task completion time while the Calibri with the uppercase groups have the highest task completion time. This study may pave a good research direction to explore the impact of these and other aesthetic factors in multiple contexts.

Keywords:

typeface, Font-case., critical systems, usability study

Abrar,M.;Faisal,C.N.;Ahmad,H.;Ahmed,M.;Shahid,M. (2023). The Influence of Typeface and Case on Critical Care Systems Performance (Medical Ventilator). Applied and Computational Engineering,2,304-313.
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References

[1]. Halbrügge, M.: Predicting user performance and errors : automated usability evaluation through computational introspection of model-based user interfaces. (2018).

[2]. Clemmensen, T., Abdelnour-Nocera, J., Pejtersen, A.M., Lopes, A., Katre, D., Campos, P., Ørngreen, R.: Human Work Interaction Design--HWID. (2012).

[3]. Gould, T., Medicine, J. de B.-A.& I.C., 2007, U.: Principles of artificial ventilation. Anaesth. Intensive Care Med. 8, 91–101 (2007).

[4]. Martin, J.L., Murphy, E., Crowe, J.A., Norris, B.J.: Capturing User Requirements in Medical Device Development: The Role of Ergonomics Capturing User Requirements in Medical Device Development: The. (2006).

[5]. Bhutkar, G.: Identification of Usability Problems related with Medical User Interface. In: National Conference on, Modeling, Optimization and Control. , Pune, India (2015).

[6]. Liu, Y., Osvalder, A., Industrial, S.D.-I.J. of, 2005, U.: Exploring user background settings in cognitive walkthrough evaluation of medical prototype interfaces: a case study. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 35, 379–390 (2005).

[7]. Wiklund, M., Wilcox, S.: Designing usability into medical products. (2005).

[8]. Zhang, J., Johnson, T., Patel, V., … D.P.-J. of biomedical, 2003, U.: Using usability heuristics to evaluate patient safety of medical devices. J. Biomed. Inform. 36, 23–30 (2003).

[9]. Rothschild, J.M., Landrigan, C.P., Cronin, J.W., Kaushal, R., Lockley, S.W., Burdick, E., Stone, P.H., Lilly, C.M., Katz, J.T., Czeisler, C.A., others: The Critical Care Safety Study: The incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Crit. Care Med. 33, 1694–1700 (2005).

[10]. Bracco, D., Favre, J.-B., Bissonnette, B., Wasserfallen, J.-B., Revelly, J.-P., Ravussin, P., Chioléro, R.: Human errors in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: a 1-year prospective study. Intensive Care Med. 27, 137–145 (2001).

[11]. Camargo, M.C., Barros, R.M., Barros, V.T.O.: Visual design checklist for graphical user interface (GUI) evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. pp. 670–672 (2018).

[12]. Park, H.: Investigating effects of font faces and line spacing in vehicle Infotainment system on driver performance including driving distractions. (2021).

[13]. Maity, R., Bhattacharya, S.: Relating Aesthetics of the GUI Text Elements with Readability using Font Family. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Companion International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. pp. 63–68 (2018).

[14]. Faisal, C.M.N., de Andres-Suarez, J., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., Ahmad, M., Habib, M.A.: Impact of web design features on irritation for E-commerce websites. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. pp. 656–663 (2018).

[15]. ]Bernard, M., Liao, C.H., Mills, M.: The effects of font type and size on the legibility and reading time of online text by older adults. In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. pp. 175–176. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA (2001).

[16]. Cho, S., Weiss, S.: Usability in communication design: Typographic influence on content judgment and subjective confidence. In: SIGDOC 2017 - 35th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc (2017).

[17]. Sohail, S., Syed, A.M., Jamil, A.: The Influence of Gender on Performance in Gaming Environment with Different Typographic Factors. SSRN Electron. J. (2020).

[18]. Shao, J., Yan, K., Liu, K., Xue, C., Li, X.: Experimental study on legibility of typographic information of ventilator interface. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 87, 103249 (2022).

[19]. Kim, H., Park, S.-H.: What are Legible Korean Font Sizes within In-Vehicle Information Systems? J. Ergon. Soc. Korea. 31, 397–406 (2012).

[20]. Chatrangsan, M., Petrie, H.: The effect of typeface and font size on reading text on a tablet computer for older and younger people. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference. pp. 1–10 (2019).

[21]. Rello, L., Baeza-Yates, R.: The effect of font type on screen readability by people with dyslexia. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 1–33 (2016).

[22]. Wallace, S., Treitman, R., Huang, J., Sawyer, B.D., Bylinskii, Z.: Accelerating Adult Readers with Typeface: A Study of Individual Preferences and Effectiveness. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 1–9 (2020).

[23]. Bhatia, S.K., Samal, A., Rajan, N., Kiviniemi, M.T.: Effect of font size, italics, and colour count on web usability. Int. J. Comput. Vis. Robot. 2, 156–179 (2011).

[24]. Bernard, M.L., Chaparro, B.S., Mills, M.M., Halcomb, C.G.: Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 59, 823–835 (2003).

[25]. Beymer, D., Russell, D., Orton, P.: An eye tracking study of how font size and type influence online reading. People and computers XXII: culture, creativity, interaction: proceedings of HCI 2008. In: the 22nd British HCI Group annual conference. pp. 10–5555 (2008).

[26]. Boyarski, D., Neuwirth, C., Forlizzi, J., Regli, S.H.: A study of fonts designed for screen display. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. pp. 87–94 (1998).

[27]. Faisal, C.M.N., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., De Andrés, J., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M.: Design quality in building behavioral intention through affective and cognitive involvement for e-learning on smartphones. Internet Res. (2020).

[28]. Faisal, C.M.N., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., de Andres-Suarez, J.: Web design attributes in building user trust, satisfaction, and loyalty for a high uncertainty avoidance culture. IEEE Trans. Human-Machine Syst. 47, 847–859 (2016).


Cite this article

Abrar,M.;Faisal,C.N.;Ahmad,H.;Ahmed,M.;Shahid,M. (2023). The Influence of Typeface and Case on Critical Care Systems Performance (Medical Ventilator). Applied and Computational Engineering,2,304-313.

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Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computing and Data Science (CONF-CDS 2022)

ISBN:978-1-915371-19-5(Print) / 978-1-915371-20-1(Online)
Editor:Alan Wang
Conference website: https://www.confcds.org/
Conference date: 16 July 2022
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.2
ISSN:2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Halbrügge, M.: Predicting user performance and errors : automated usability evaluation through computational introspection of model-based user interfaces. (2018).

[2]. Clemmensen, T., Abdelnour-Nocera, J., Pejtersen, A.M., Lopes, A., Katre, D., Campos, P., Ørngreen, R.: Human Work Interaction Design--HWID. (2012).

[3]. Gould, T., Medicine, J. de B.-A.& I.C., 2007, U.: Principles of artificial ventilation. Anaesth. Intensive Care Med. 8, 91–101 (2007).

[4]. Martin, J.L., Murphy, E., Crowe, J.A., Norris, B.J.: Capturing User Requirements in Medical Device Development: The Role of Ergonomics Capturing User Requirements in Medical Device Development: The. (2006).

[5]. Bhutkar, G.: Identification of Usability Problems related with Medical User Interface. In: National Conference on, Modeling, Optimization and Control. , Pune, India (2015).

[6]. Liu, Y., Osvalder, A., Industrial, S.D.-I.J. of, 2005, U.: Exploring user background settings in cognitive walkthrough evaluation of medical prototype interfaces: a case study. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 35, 379–390 (2005).

[7]. Wiklund, M., Wilcox, S.: Designing usability into medical products. (2005).

[8]. Zhang, J., Johnson, T., Patel, V., … D.P.-J. of biomedical, 2003, U.: Using usability heuristics to evaluate patient safety of medical devices. J. Biomed. Inform. 36, 23–30 (2003).

[9]. Rothschild, J.M., Landrigan, C.P., Cronin, J.W., Kaushal, R., Lockley, S.W., Burdick, E., Stone, P.H., Lilly, C.M., Katz, J.T., Czeisler, C.A., others: The Critical Care Safety Study: The incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Crit. Care Med. 33, 1694–1700 (2005).

[10]. Bracco, D., Favre, J.-B., Bissonnette, B., Wasserfallen, J.-B., Revelly, J.-P., Ravussin, P., Chioléro, R.: Human errors in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: a 1-year prospective study. Intensive Care Med. 27, 137–145 (2001).

[11]. Camargo, M.C., Barros, R.M., Barros, V.T.O.: Visual design checklist for graphical user interface (GUI) evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. pp. 670–672 (2018).

[12]. Park, H.: Investigating effects of font faces and line spacing in vehicle Infotainment system on driver performance including driving distractions. (2021).

[13]. Maity, R., Bhattacharya, S.: Relating Aesthetics of the GUI Text Elements with Readability using Font Family. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Companion International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. pp. 63–68 (2018).

[14]. Faisal, C.M.N., de Andres-Suarez, J., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., Ahmad, M., Habib, M.A.: Impact of web design features on irritation for E-commerce websites. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. pp. 656–663 (2018).

[15]. ]Bernard, M., Liao, C.H., Mills, M.: The effects of font type and size on the legibility and reading time of online text by older adults. In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. pp. 175–176. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA (2001).

[16]. Cho, S., Weiss, S.: Usability in communication design: Typographic influence on content judgment and subjective confidence. In: SIGDOC 2017 - 35th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc (2017).

[17]. Sohail, S., Syed, A.M., Jamil, A.: The Influence of Gender on Performance in Gaming Environment with Different Typographic Factors. SSRN Electron. J. (2020).

[18]. Shao, J., Yan, K., Liu, K., Xue, C., Li, X.: Experimental study on legibility of typographic information of ventilator interface. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 87, 103249 (2022).

[19]. Kim, H., Park, S.-H.: What are Legible Korean Font Sizes within In-Vehicle Information Systems? J. Ergon. Soc. Korea. 31, 397–406 (2012).

[20]. Chatrangsan, M., Petrie, H.: The effect of typeface and font size on reading text on a tablet computer for older and younger people. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference. pp. 1–10 (2019).

[21]. Rello, L., Baeza-Yates, R.: The effect of font type on screen readability by people with dyslexia. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 1–33 (2016).

[22]. Wallace, S., Treitman, R., Huang, J., Sawyer, B.D., Bylinskii, Z.: Accelerating Adult Readers with Typeface: A Study of Individual Preferences and Effectiveness. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 1–9 (2020).

[23]. Bhatia, S.K., Samal, A., Rajan, N., Kiviniemi, M.T.: Effect of font size, italics, and colour count on web usability. Int. J. Comput. Vis. Robot. 2, 156–179 (2011).

[24]. Bernard, M.L., Chaparro, B.S., Mills, M.M., Halcomb, C.G.: Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 59, 823–835 (2003).

[25]. Beymer, D., Russell, D., Orton, P.: An eye tracking study of how font size and type influence online reading. People and computers XXII: culture, creativity, interaction: proceedings of HCI 2008. In: the 22nd British HCI Group annual conference. pp. 10–5555 (2008).

[26]. Boyarski, D., Neuwirth, C., Forlizzi, J., Regli, S.H.: A study of fonts designed for screen display. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. pp. 87–94 (1998).

[27]. Faisal, C.M.N., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., De Andrés, J., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M.: Design quality in building behavioral intention through affective and cognitive involvement for e-learning on smartphones. Internet Res. (2020).

[28]. Faisal, C.M.N., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M., Fernandez-Lanvin, D., de Andres-Suarez, J.: Web design attributes in building user trust, satisfaction, and loyalty for a high uncertainty avoidance culture. IEEE Trans. Human-Machine Syst. 47, 847–859 (2016).