Volume 205

As the new energy vehicle sector advances at an accelerated pace, lithium-ion batteries have grown far more prevalent across electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices. The State of Health (SOH) of lithium batteries bears direct implications for their safety, performance stability, and operational lifespan. For this reason, Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) technology tailored to lithium batteries has steadily become a key area of focus in both academic inquiries and industrial applications. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of lithium battery PHM technology in recent years, mainly covering key methods such as battery thermal state characterization indicators, Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN), and Integrated Sparse Gaussian Process Regression (SGPR). This paper not only summarized the core principles and applications of each technology, but also analyzed its shortcomings and proposes several improvement directions. This paper provided a reference for future research on SOH prediction and health management of lithium-ion batteries.

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The escalating climate crisis, driven primarily by the enhanced greenhouse effect, has made carbon dioxide (CO2) a central focus of global scientific and political discourse. As the primary long-lived greenhouse gas emitted from human activities—such as fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, and deforestation—CO2concentrations in the atmosphere have reached high levels. This rapid accumulation is unequivocally linked to global warming, rising sea levels, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events. While transitioning to renewable energy and enhancing energy efficiency remain crucial mitigation strategies, their progress has been insufficient to meet international climate targets. Consequently, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies have emerged as an essential complementary approach to directly reduce atmospheric CO2and achieve net-zero emissions. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper examines the principles, efficiency, energy consumption, and economic feasibility of major CCUS approaches, including physical adsorption, chemical absorption, membrane separation, and biological fixation. The analysis reveals that each method possesses distinct advantages and limitations. For instance, chemical absorption is well-established but energy-intensive, while biological processes are eco-friendly yet limited by scalability and slow kinetics. Future advancements should focus on material innovation, process integration, and energy optimization to enhance capture efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure operational safety. This study offers a comparative perspective to support the selection and development of CCUS technologies, contributing to carbon neutrality goals and sustainable energy transitions.

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Currently, solar and wind energy can only be served as auxiliary propulsion in container ships, which are difficult to replace the main propulsion. Thus, hydrogen power systems have become one of the key directions for zero-carbon shipping, depending on their zero-carbon potential and efficiency advantages. This paper focuses on the application of hydrogen power systems in container ships, specifically examining their technical principles and hydrogen storage methods. It analyzes challenges including constraints on hydrogen storage volume and weight, insufficient salt spray resistance and durability of PEMFC, complex system integration, lagging regulations, and high costs. Additionally, it summarizes the rules of technical application by integrating industry demonstration practices. Due to green hydrogen production, the full-chain low-carbon benefits of these systems and their compatibility with IMO regulations are significant. However, key issues such as the optimization of hydrogen storage technology and the improvement of fuel cell environmental adaptability remain to be addressed. Based on industrial planning forecasts, it is highly likely that the commercialization of hydrogen energy in inland and coastal short-to-medium-distance container ships will be realized within the next decade, while ocean-going ships will require major breakthroughs in areas such as hydrogen storage energy density. This paper can provide references for clarifying the R&D direction of hydrogen-powered ship technologies, constructing policy support systems, and promoting industrial chain collaboration. They will help the shipping industry align with IMO emission reduction targets and advance zero-carbon shipping from the demonstration stage to large-scale commercial application.

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