Women’s Reproductive Rights in China under the Three-Child Policy

Research Article
Open access

Women’s Reproductive Rights in China under the Three-Child Policy

Lemiao Zou 1*
  • 1 Department of Humanities and Foreign Languages, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China    
  • *corresponding author 2001610106@cjlu.edu.cn
LNEP Vol.4
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-33-1
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-34-8

Abstract

In recent years, the birth rates have been declining in China. In response to this problem, the government has introduced the three-child policy. Nowadays, many scholars have interpreted and analyzed this policy at a societal level and claimed that it has helped improve the demographics and promote economic development. However, few have studied the policy’s impact on women themselves and their reproductive rights. Therefore, by drawing upon information collected from various institutions, such as the China Family Plan Studies and the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper comprehensively assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the three-child policy and explores the current situation of women’s reproductive rights. This paper argues that the three-child policy undermines women’s reproductive autonomy. The policy also affects the economic and cultural spheres from a political perspective, leaving women in a vulnerable position and thus harming their reproductive rights. To achieve fairness and equality between men and women, this article makes recommendations to the government from three perspectives: political, mental, and economic.

Keywords:

Three-child policy, Reproductive rights, Labor rights, Feminism

Zou,L. (2023). Women’s Reproductive Rights in China under the Three-Child Policy. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,4,720-725.
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References

[1]. Tencent.com. The Birth Rate Hit a New Low Since 1949! National Bureau of Statistics: Birth Rate of 7.52 Per Thousand in 2021[EB/OL] (2022-1-17) [2022-9-3]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220117A08AI400.

[2]. Information Office website. The Information Office of the State Council Held a Press Conference on the Main Data Results of the Seventh National Population Census [EB/OL] (2021-05-11) [2022-9-3]. www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-05/11/content_5605842.htm.

[3]. CCTV. Completion of the Revision of the Population and Family Planning Law, Legal Guarantee for the Implementation of the Three-Child Birth Policy and Supporting Measures [EB/OL] (2021-8-20) [2022-9-3]. m.news.cctv.com/2021/08/20/ARTImBATjuDmmhi9otvfTvRY210820.shtml.

[4]. Health Commission website. Interpretation Q&A of the Guiding Opinions on Further Improving and Implementing Positive Fertility Support Measures [EB/OL] (2022-08-16) [2022-9-3]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-08/16/content_5705884.htm.

[5]. Jianliang Nie, Ziyue Dong. “Three-child” Policy: Positive Impact, Multiple Obstacles and Response Strategies [J]. Journal of Guangzhou University (Social Science Edition), 2021,20(06):77-84.

[6]. Yueru Li. Research on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Women’s Rights and Interests Protection under the Three-Child Policy[J]. Heilongjiang Human Resources and Social Security, 2022(07):22-24.

[7]. Lichan Ye. Improvement of the Legal System of Women’s Labor and Social Security Rights at the Reproductive Stage[D]. Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, 2017.

[8]. Jiao Shaolin. On Reproductive Rights[J]. Modern Law Science,1999(06):86-89.

[9]. Xuerui Zhang, Mengyuan Wei, Zhongyan Han. An Exploration of China’s “Population Problem” [J]. Heilongjiang Human Resources and Social Security,2022(12):46-48.

[10]. Zijun Zhao.The Study on the Protection of Women’s Reproductive Rights under the Context of “Comprehensive Two-child” [D]. Gansu University of Political Science and Law, 2018.

[11]. Lin Fan. The Analysis of Reproductive Rights[J]. Jurisprudence,2000(09):32-37+42.

[12]. China Family Panel Studies. Chinese Young People’s Willingness to Marry and Have Children and Their Marriage and Childbearing Behavior [DB/OL] (2022-7-18) [2022-9-3]. www.isss.pku.edu.cn/cfps/xzyj/wxzsm/1358338.htm.

[13]. People’s Daily Online. National Health Commission: Women of Childbearing Age Intend to Have an Average of 1.64 Children [EB/OL] (2022-1-20) [2022-9-3]. https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_16371744.

[14]. Observer Network. National Bureau of Statistics: The Number of Children in China’s Women of Childbearing Age is 1.8[EB/OL] (2021-5-11) [2022-9-3]. https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2021_05_11_590316.shtml.

[15]. Yue Tai. Analysis on the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Female Employees under the Three-Child Policy[J]. China Social Security, 2022(02):62-63.

[16]. Guixia Huang. The Guarantee of Women’s Reproductive Rights and Labor and Employment Rights: Consistency and Divergence[J]. Women’s Studies Series, 2019(05):89-98.

[17]. Kalwij, A. (2010). The Impact of Family Policy Expenditure on Fertility in Western Europe. Demography, 47, 503-519.

[18]. Dalerup, D., Fleidenval, L., Jingyu Gao. Quota System: A Quick Follow-up on Women’s Equal Participation in Politics[J]. Foreign Social Sciences, 2006(06):61-67.

[19]. Yu Huang. Women’s Reproductive Rights in a Feminist Perspective[J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal,2007(08):100-103+156.

[20]. Lanying Li, Yanqing Guo. Gender Budget: A New Perspective[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics,2008(05):27-30.

[21]. Cui’e Zhang, Zhengyi Yang. The Development Process and Reform Path of China’s Maternity Insurance System—Based on the Perspective of Empowerment[J]. Health Economic Research, 2013(01):23-27. DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.2013.01.020.

Cite this article

Zou,L. (2023). Women’s Reproductive Rights in China under the Three-Child Policy. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,4,720-725.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 3

ISBN：978-1-915371-33-1(Print) / 978-1-915371-34-8(Online)
Editor：Muhammad Idrees, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
Conference date: 18 December 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.4
ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Tencent.com. The Birth Rate Hit a New Low Since 1949! National Bureau of Statistics: Birth Rate of 7.52 Per Thousand in 2021[EB/OL] (2022-1-17) [2022-9-3]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220117A08AI400.

[2]. Information Office website. The Information Office of the State Council Held a Press Conference on the Main Data Results of the Seventh National Population Census [EB/OL] (2021-05-11) [2022-9-3]. www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-05/11/content_5605842.htm.

[3]. CCTV. Completion of the Revision of the Population and Family Planning Law, Legal Guarantee for the Implementation of the Three-Child Birth Policy and Supporting Measures [EB/OL] (2021-8-20) [2022-9-3]. m.news.cctv.com/2021/08/20/ARTImBATjuDmmhi9otvfTvRY210820.shtml.

[4]. Health Commission website. Interpretation Q&A of the Guiding Opinions on Further Improving and Implementing Positive Fertility Support Measures [EB/OL] (2022-08-16) [2022-9-3]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-08/16/content_5705884.htm.

[5]. Jianliang Nie, Ziyue Dong. “Three-child” Policy: Positive Impact, Multiple Obstacles and Response Strategies [J]. Journal of Guangzhou University (Social Science Edition), 2021,20(06):77-84.

[6]. Yueru Li. Research on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Women’s Rights and Interests Protection under the Three-Child Policy[J]. Heilongjiang Human Resources and Social Security, 2022(07):22-24.

[7]. Lichan Ye. Improvement of the Legal System of Women’s Labor and Social Security Rights at the Reproductive Stage[D]. Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, 2017.

[8]. Jiao Shaolin. On Reproductive Rights[J]. Modern Law Science,1999(06):86-89.

[9]. Xuerui Zhang, Mengyuan Wei, Zhongyan Han. An Exploration of China’s “Population Problem” [J]. Heilongjiang Human Resources and Social Security,2022(12):46-48.

[10]. Zijun Zhao.The Study on the Protection of Women’s Reproductive Rights under the Context of “Comprehensive Two-child” [D]. Gansu University of Political Science and Law, 2018.

[11]. Lin Fan. The Analysis of Reproductive Rights[J]. Jurisprudence,2000(09):32-37+42.

[12]. China Family Panel Studies. Chinese Young People’s Willingness to Marry and Have Children and Their Marriage and Childbearing Behavior [DB/OL] (2022-7-18) [2022-9-3]. www.isss.pku.edu.cn/cfps/xzyj/wxzsm/1358338.htm.

[13]. People’s Daily Online. National Health Commission: Women of Childbearing Age Intend to Have an Average of 1.64 Children [EB/OL] (2022-1-20) [2022-9-3]. https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_16371744.

[14]. Observer Network. National Bureau of Statistics: The Number of Children in China’s Women of Childbearing Age is 1.8[EB/OL] (2021-5-11) [2022-9-3]. https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2021_05_11_590316.shtml.

[15]. Yue Tai. Analysis on the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Female Employees under the Three-Child Policy[J]. China Social Security, 2022(02):62-63.

[16]. Guixia Huang. The Guarantee of Women’s Reproductive Rights and Labor and Employment Rights: Consistency and Divergence[J]. Women’s Studies Series, 2019(05):89-98.

[17]. Kalwij, A. (2010). The Impact of Family Policy Expenditure on Fertility in Western Europe. Demography, 47, 503-519.

[18]. Dalerup, D., Fleidenval, L., Jingyu Gao. Quota System: A Quick Follow-up on Women’s Equal Participation in Politics[J]. Foreign Social Sciences, 2006(06):61-67.

[19]. Yu Huang. Women’s Reproductive Rights in a Feminist Perspective[J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal,2007(08):100-103+156.

[20]. Lanying Li, Yanqing Guo. Gender Budget: A New Perspective[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics,2008(05):27-30.

[21]. Cui’e Zhang, Zhengyi Yang. The Development Process and Reform Path of China’s Maternity Insurance System—Based on the Perspective of Empowerment[J]. Health Economic Research, 2013(01):23-27. DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.2013.01.020.

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