Depressive Disorder: A General Overview

Research Article
Open access

Depressive Disorder: A General Overview

Baitong Ji 1*
  • 1 Department of psychology, auburn university, auburn, USA    
  • *corresponding author Bzj0031@auburn.edu
LNEP Vol.7
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-39-3
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-40-9

Abstract

Many people have just one side of the story or an incomplete picture when it comes to depression, despite the fact that it is one of the most frequent mental conditions. Many depressive disorders share symptoms, including persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder, which both have some of the same effects on people's lives. People who are diagnosed with major depressive disorder have a one in five chance of developing a persistent form of the disease that lasts for two years or more. This percentage is equivalent to around twenty percent of the total population. This article offers a general overview of chronic depression, including topics such as its causes, effects, and treatment options. The etiology of depression are genetic and environmental, and the relevant experiments and theories are described in detail in this article. Genetic factors are mainly congenital overproduction or suppression of neurotransmitters in the brain, while environmental factors are mainly reflected in work. Treatment is mainly based on medication and cognitive therapy. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of depression. Previous studies have made it difficult to say which has a greater influence on the cause of the disease, the genes or the environment, and the environment mostly refers to the work environment, with very little on the home environment. Experiments on family research should be carried out in the future.

Keywords:

chronic, depression, neurotransmitters, environment, treatment

Ji,B. (2023). Depressive Disorder: A General Overview. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,507-512.
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References

[1]. Melrose, S. (2019, August 7). Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia: An overview of assessment and treatment approaches. Go to the cover page of Sherri Melrose Publications: A Virtual Memory Box. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://sherrimelrosepublications.pressbooks.com/chapter/persistent-depressive-disorder-or-dysthymia-an-overview-of-assessment-and-treatment-approaches/

[2]. Schramm, E., Klein, D. N., Elsaesser, M., Furukawa, T. A., & Domschke, K. (2020, August 20). Review of dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder: History, correlates, and clinical implications. The Lancet Psychiatry. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2215036620300997

[3]. Lu, J. (2021, December 24). A systematic review of the history, cause, and treatment of persistent depressive disorder. A Systematic Review of the History, Cause, and Treatment of Persistent Depressive Disorder | Atlantis Press. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ichess-21/125966985

[4]. GM;, P. R. K. R. (n.d.). Persistent depressive disorder. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082096/

[5]. Define_me. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.psych.theclinics.com/article/S0193-953X(11)00119-5/fulltext

[6]. V, R., & A, L. (2021, February 5). Genetic variants associated with persistent depressive disorder. Mathews Journal of Psychiatry & Mental Health. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.mathewsopenaccess.com/full-text/genetic-variants-associated-with-persistent-depressive-disorder

[7]. Wang, J. L., Patten, S. B., Currie, S., Sareen, J., & Schmitz, N. (2012, July 1). Population-based longitudinal study on work environmental factors and the risk of major depressive disorder. OUP Academic. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/176/1/52/132093

[8]. Soleimani, L., Lapidus, K. A. B., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2011, February 1). Diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Neurologic Clinics. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.neurologic.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8619(10)00137-4/fulltext#secd46782560e1011

[9]. Jakobsen, J. C., Hansen, J. L., Storebø, O. J., Simonsen, E., & Gluud, C. (n.d.). The effects of cognitive therapy versus 'no intervention' for major depressive disorder. PLOS ONE. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0028299

[10]. Sandro Pampallona, S. D. (2004, July 1). Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/482031

[11]. Serbanescu, I., Backenstrass, M., Drost, S., Weber, B., Walter, H., Klein, J. P., Zobel, I., Hautzinger, M., Meister, R., Härter, M., Schramm, E., & Schoepf, D. (1AD, January 1). Impact of baseline characteristics on the effectiveness of disorder-specific cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) and supportive psychotherapy in outpatient treatment for persistent depressive disorder. Frontiers. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607300/full

[12]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: All issues. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/table-of-contents?volume=2021&issue=5

[13]. M.D., A. S. Y., Search for more papers by this author, Ph.D., R. K., M.P.H., R. S., M.D., K. B. W., Dr. Young and Ms. Shoai are affiliated with the Mental Illness Research, & O'Loughlin, R. E. (2015, January 13). Persistent depression and anxiety in the United States: Prevalence and quality of care. Psychiatric Services. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ps.2008.59.12.1391

Cite this article

Ji,B. (2023). Depressive Disorder: A General Overview. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,507-512.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 6

ISBN：978-1-915371-39-3(Print) / 978-1-915371-40-9(Online)
Editor：Muhammad Idrees, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
Conference date: 18 December 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.7
ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Melrose, S. (2019, August 7). Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia: An overview of assessment and treatment approaches. Go to the cover page of Sherri Melrose Publications: A Virtual Memory Box. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://sherrimelrosepublications.pressbooks.com/chapter/persistent-depressive-disorder-or-dysthymia-an-overview-of-assessment-and-treatment-approaches/

[2]. Schramm, E., Klein, D. N., Elsaesser, M., Furukawa, T. A., & Domschke, K. (2020, August 20). Review of dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder: History, correlates, and clinical implications. The Lancet Psychiatry. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2215036620300997

[3]. Lu, J. (2021, December 24). A systematic review of the history, cause, and treatment of persistent depressive disorder. A Systematic Review of the History, Cause, and Treatment of Persistent Depressive Disorder | Atlantis Press. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ichess-21/125966985

[4]. GM;, P. R. K. R. (n.d.). Persistent depressive disorder. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082096/

[5]. Define_me. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.psych.theclinics.com/article/S0193-953X(11)00119-5/fulltext

[6]. V, R., & A, L. (2021, February 5). Genetic variants associated with persistent depressive disorder. Mathews Journal of Psychiatry & Mental Health. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.mathewsopenaccess.com/full-text/genetic-variants-associated-with-persistent-depressive-disorder

[7]. Wang, J. L., Patten, S. B., Currie, S., Sareen, J., & Schmitz, N. (2012, July 1). Population-based longitudinal study on work environmental factors and the risk of major depressive disorder. OUP Academic. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/176/1/52/132093

[8]. Soleimani, L., Lapidus, K. A. B., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2011, February 1). Diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Neurologic Clinics. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.neurologic.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8619(10)00137-4/fulltext#secd46782560e1011

[9]. Jakobsen, J. C., Hansen, J. L., Storebø, O. J., Simonsen, E., & Gluud, C. (n.d.). The effects of cognitive therapy versus 'no intervention' for major depressive disorder. PLOS ONE. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0028299

[10]. Sandro Pampallona, S. D. (2004, July 1). Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/482031

[11]. Serbanescu, I., Backenstrass, M., Drost, S., Weber, B., Walter, H., Klein, J. P., Zobel, I., Hautzinger, M., Meister, R., Härter, M., Schramm, E., & Schoepf, D. (1AD, January 1). Impact of baseline characteristics on the effectiveness of disorder-specific cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) and supportive psychotherapy in outpatient treatment for persistent depressive disorder. Frontiers. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607300/full

[12]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: All issues. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/table-of-contents?volume=2021&issue=5

[13]. M.D., A. S. Y., Search for more papers by this author, Ph.D., R. K., M.P.H., R. S., M.D., K. B. W., Dr. Young and Ms. Shoai are affiliated with the Mental Illness Research, & O'Loughlin, R. E. (2015, January 13). Persistent depression and anxiety in the United States: Prevalence and quality of care. Psychiatric Services. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ps.2008.59.12.1391

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