The Contributions of German émigré Scholars to Turkey's Higher Education Reform in the First Half of the 20th Century

Research Article
Open access

The Contributions of German émigré Scholars to Turkey's Higher Education Reform in the First Half of the 20th Century

Xupeng Han 1*
  • 1 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, G12 8QQ    
  • *corresponding author Rivendell216@163.com
LNEP Vol.7
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-39-3
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-40-9

Abstract

Why were German émigré scholars present in the emerging Turkish Republic and how did they influence its development, given the considerable presence of German scholars in exile during the modernization and reform process at the beginning of the Turkish statehood? This paper seeks to analyze the historical roots of this by discussing the goals and dilemmas of higher education reform in the early years of the Turkish state, as well as the specific work and progress of German émigré scholars in Turkey. It is clear from the analysis that the modernization reforms, represented by the higher education reforms, were the initiative of the emerging Turkish Republic to escape from backwardness and rise as a nation, and that the problem of the lack of higher education talent encountered in the reforms was solved by the forced exile of many German scholars, who were looking for a living. The rapid establishment of higher education institutions, the completion of the reform of higher education and the acceleration of the modernization process in Turkey.

Keywords:

Kemal, university education, German Emigre Scholars, Jews

Han,X. (2023). The Contributions of German émigré Scholars to Turkey's Higher Education Reform in the First Half of the 20th Century. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,384-392.
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References

[1]. Ozelli, M. T. (1974) The evolution of the formal educational system and its relation to economic growth policies in the first Turkey republic [J]. Middle East Stud, vol 5, pp. 77-92.

[2]. Arnold Reisman. (2007) German Jewish Intellectuals’ Diaspora in Turkey: 1933~1955 [J]. The Historian, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 450-478.

[3]. Arnold Reisman and Fuat Andic. (2007) Migration and Transfer of Knowledge: Refugees from Nazism and Turkish legal Reform [J/OL]. SSRN, 2007, pp. 1-28, June 17. https://ssrn.com/abstract=994643.

[4]. Arnold Reisman and Ismail Capar. (2007) The German-Speaking Diaspora in Turkey: Exiles From Nazism as Architects of Modern Turkish Education (1933-1945) [J]. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, vol. 1, no.3, pp. 175-198.

[5]. Albert Malche. (1939) İstanbul üniversitesi hakkında rapor (Report on Istanbul University) [M]. İstanbul: Devlet Basimevi.

[6]. Fritz Neumark. (1995) Zuflucht am Bosporus: Deutsche Gelehrte, Politiker und Kunstler in der Emigration 1933-1953 [M]. Frankfurt: Josef Knecht Verlag, S. 13.

[7]. Philip Schwarz. (1995) Notgemeinschaft Zur Emigration deutscher Wissenschaftler nach 1933 in dei Turkei [M]. Marburg: Metropolis Verlag, S. 1.

[8]. Yücel Namal. (2012) Contributions of Foreign Scientists to the Higher Education Between 1933-1950 Years in Turkey [J]. Journal of Higher Education and Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 14-19.

[9]. Onur Öymen. (2003) Culture as a Weapon, Academicians in Exile [EB/OL]. April 29. http://www.onuroymen.com/docs/konusma37.doc.

[10]. Arnold Reisman. (2006) Turkey’s Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk’s Vision [M]. Washington, D. C. : New Academia Publishing.

[11]. Anonymous (1933) YOZGAT NEWSPAPER, No. 603, city weekly printed on Wednesdays, August 2, No. 603.

[12]. Özlem Berk Albachten (2010) Exile as translation and transformation in early Republican Turkey[J], Translation Studies, vol. 3, no.2, pp.132-148.

[13]. Koray Özduman, Mustafa Güdük, İlhan Elmacı and M. Necmettin Pamir. (2013) The Impact of German-Speaking Academicians on Higher Education in Turkey [J]. World Neurosurgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 25-31.

[14]. İsmet Gürgey. (2006) A scientist in love with the Turkish language: Ord. Prof. Dr. Fritz Arndt [J]. Cagdas¸ Turk Dili Dergisi, vol. 206, pp.87-88.

[15]. Stanford J. Shaw (1993) Turkry and the Holocaust:Turkey’s Role in Rescuing Turkish and Europen Jewry from Nazi Persecution, 1933～1945 [M], New York: New York University Press.

Cite this article

Han,X. (2023). The Contributions of German émigré Scholars to Turkey's Higher Education Reform in the First Half of the 20th Century. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,384-392.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 6

ISBN：978-1-915371-39-3(Print) / 978-1-915371-40-9(Online)
Editor：Muhammad Idrees, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
Conference date: 18 December 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.7
ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Ozelli, M. T. (1974) The evolution of the formal educational system and its relation to economic growth policies in the first Turkey republic [J]. Middle East Stud, vol 5, pp. 77-92.

[2]. Arnold Reisman. (2007) German Jewish Intellectuals’ Diaspora in Turkey: 1933~1955 [J]. The Historian, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 450-478.

[3]. Arnold Reisman and Fuat Andic. (2007) Migration and Transfer of Knowledge: Refugees from Nazism and Turkish legal Reform [J/OL]. SSRN, 2007, pp. 1-28, June 17. https://ssrn.com/abstract=994643.

[4]. Arnold Reisman and Ismail Capar. (2007) The German-Speaking Diaspora in Turkey: Exiles From Nazism as Architects of Modern Turkish Education (1933-1945) [J]. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, vol. 1, no.3, pp. 175-198.

[5]. Albert Malche. (1939) İstanbul üniversitesi hakkında rapor (Report on Istanbul University) [M]. İstanbul: Devlet Basimevi.

[6]. Fritz Neumark. (1995) Zuflucht am Bosporus: Deutsche Gelehrte, Politiker und Kunstler in der Emigration 1933-1953 [M]. Frankfurt: Josef Knecht Verlag, S. 13.

[7]. Philip Schwarz. (1995) Notgemeinschaft Zur Emigration deutscher Wissenschaftler nach 1933 in dei Turkei [M]. Marburg: Metropolis Verlag, S. 1.

[8]. Yücel Namal. (2012) Contributions of Foreign Scientists to the Higher Education Between 1933-1950 Years in Turkey [J]. Journal of Higher Education and Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 14-19.

[9]. Onur Öymen. (2003) Culture as a Weapon, Academicians in Exile [EB/OL]. April 29. http://www.onuroymen.com/docs/konusma37.doc.

[10]. Arnold Reisman. (2006) Turkey’s Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk’s Vision [M]. Washington, D. C. : New Academia Publishing.

[11]. Anonymous (1933) YOZGAT NEWSPAPER, No. 603, city weekly printed on Wednesdays, August 2, No. 603.

[12]. Özlem Berk Albachten (2010) Exile as translation and transformation in early Republican Turkey[J], Translation Studies, vol. 3, no.2, pp.132-148.

[13]. Koray Özduman, Mustafa Güdük, İlhan Elmacı and M. Necmettin Pamir. (2013) The Impact of German-Speaking Academicians on Higher Education in Turkey [J]. World Neurosurgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 25-31.

[14]. İsmet Gürgey. (2006) A scientist in love with the Turkish language: Ord. Prof. Dr. Fritz Arndt [J]. Cagdas¸ Turk Dili Dergisi, vol. 206, pp.87-88.

[15]. Stanford J. Shaw (1993) Turkry and the Holocaust:Turkey’s Role in Rescuing Turkish and Europen Jewry from Nazi Persecution, 1933～1945 [M], New York: New York University Press.

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