References
[1]. Neumann, M. M., Keioskie, M. K., Patterson, D., & Neumann, D. L. (2022). Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality: Benefits and Barriers for Early Childhood Education. Childhood Education, 98(4), 68-79.
[2]. Wang, N., Abdul Rahman, M. N., & Lim, B. H. (2022). Teaching and Curriculum of the Preschool Physical Education Major Direction in Colleges and Universities under Virtual Reality Technology. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, e3250986.
[3]. Gao, Y., Liu, D., Huang, Z., & Huang, R. (2016). The Core Elements and Challenges of Promoting Learning Through Virtual Reality Technology. Research on Electronic Education, 37 (10), 77-87
[4]. Ni, L., & Wang, L. (2021). Model Study of VR Technology in the Professional Teaching of Preschool Education. IEEE Xplore.
[5]. Yoganathan, S., Finch, D. A., Parkin, E., & Pollard, J. (2018). 360° Virtual Reality Video for the Acquisition of Knot Tying Skills: A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Surgery, 54, 24-27.
[6]. Parmaxi, A. (2020). Virtual Reality in Language Learning: A Systematic Review and Implications for Research and Practice. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(1), 172-184.
[7]. Harrington, C. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Wright Ballester, G., Wright Ballester, A., Dicker, P., Traynor, O., Hill, A., & Tierney, S. (2018). 360 ° Operative Videos: A Randomised Cross-Over Study Evaluating Attentiveness and Information Retention. Journal of Surgical Education, 75(4), 993-1000.
[8]. Di Natale, A. F., Repetto, C., Riva, G., & Villani, D. (2020). Immersive Virtual Reality in K‐12 and Higher Education: A 10‐Year Systematic Review of Empirical Research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), 2006-2033.
[9]. Colliver, J. A. (2002). Constructivism: The View of Knowledge That Ended Philosophy or a Theory of Learning and Instruction? Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 14(1), 49-51.
[10]. Khan, N., Muhammad, K., Hussain, T., Nasir, M., Munsif, M., Imran, A. S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). An Adaptive Game-Based Learning Strategy for Children Road Safety Education and Practice in Virtual Space. Sensors, 21(11), 3661.
[11]. Lodge, J. M., & Harrison, W. J. (2019). The Role of Attention in Learning in the Digital Age. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 92(1), 21.
[12]. Sweller, J. (2011). Cognitive Load Theory. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 55(1), 37-76.
[13]. Tarng, W., Pan, I-Chun., & Ou, K.-L. (2022). Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on Attention Training for Elementary School Students. Systems, 10(4), 104.
[14]. Chu, Y. (2021). The Application of VR Technology in Traditional Culture and Art Immersive Teaching for Chinese Children. 2021 13th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers.
[15]. Cowan, N. (2006). The Development of Memory in Childhood. Psychology Press.
[16]. Baddeley, A. (2012). Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 1-29.
[17]. Mantovani, F., & Gianluca Castelnuovo. (2025). The Sense of Presence in Virtual Training: Enhancing Skills Acquisition and Transfer of Knowledge through Learning Experience in Virtual Environments. PubliRES - Publications, Research, Expertise and Skills, 167-182.
[18]. Yuan, S. N. V., & Ip, H. H. S. (2018). Using Virtual Reality to Train Emotional and Social Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. London Journal of Primary Care, 10(4), 110-112.
[19]. Sobel, K. (2019). Immersive Media and Child Development: Synthesis of a Cross-Sectoral Meeting on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality and Young Children. Future of Childhood. In ERIC. Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.
Cite this article
Hou,Y. (2025). The Potential and Challenges of Virtual Reality Technology in Early Childhood Education. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,94,38-44.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. Neumann, M. M., Keioskie, M. K., Patterson, D., & Neumann, D. L. (2022). Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality: Benefits and Barriers for Early Childhood Education. Childhood Education, 98(4), 68-79.
[2]. Wang, N., Abdul Rahman, M. N., & Lim, B. H. (2022). Teaching and Curriculum of the Preschool Physical Education Major Direction in Colleges and Universities under Virtual Reality Technology. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, e3250986.
[3]. Gao, Y., Liu, D., Huang, Z., & Huang, R. (2016). The Core Elements and Challenges of Promoting Learning Through Virtual Reality Technology. Research on Electronic Education, 37 (10), 77-87
[4]. Ni, L., & Wang, L. (2021). Model Study of VR Technology in the Professional Teaching of Preschool Education. IEEE Xplore.
[5]. Yoganathan, S., Finch, D. A., Parkin, E., & Pollard, J. (2018). 360° Virtual Reality Video for the Acquisition of Knot Tying Skills: A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Surgery, 54, 24-27.
[6]. Parmaxi, A. (2020). Virtual Reality in Language Learning: A Systematic Review and Implications for Research and Practice. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(1), 172-184.
[7]. Harrington, C. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Wright Ballester, G., Wright Ballester, A., Dicker, P., Traynor, O., Hill, A., & Tierney, S. (2018). 360 ° Operative Videos: A Randomised Cross-Over Study Evaluating Attentiveness and Information Retention. Journal of Surgical Education, 75(4), 993-1000.
[8]. Di Natale, A. F., Repetto, C., Riva, G., & Villani, D. (2020). Immersive Virtual Reality in K‐12 and Higher Education: A 10‐Year Systematic Review of Empirical Research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), 2006-2033.
[9]. Colliver, J. A. (2002). Constructivism: The View of Knowledge That Ended Philosophy or a Theory of Learning and Instruction? Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 14(1), 49-51.
[10]. Khan, N., Muhammad, K., Hussain, T., Nasir, M., Munsif, M., Imran, A. S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). An Adaptive Game-Based Learning Strategy for Children Road Safety Education and Practice in Virtual Space. Sensors, 21(11), 3661.
[11]. Lodge, J. M., & Harrison, W. J. (2019). The Role of Attention in Learning in the Digital Age. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 92(1), 21.
[12]. Sweller, J. (2011). Cognitive Load Theory. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 55(1), 37-76.
[13]. Tarng, W., Pan, I-Chun., & Ou, K.-L. (2022). Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on Attention Training for Elementary School Students. Systems, 10(4), 104.
[14]. Chu, Y. (2021). The Application of VR Technology in Traditional Culture and Art Immersive Teaching for Chinese Children. 2021 13th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers.
[15]. Cowan, N. (2006). The Development of Memory in Childhood. Psychology Press.
[16]. Baddeley, A. (2012). Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 1-29.
[17]. Mantovani, F., & Gianluca Castelnuovo. (2025). The Sense of Presence in Virtual Training: Enhancing Skills Acquisition and Transfer of Knowledge through Learning Experience in Virtual Environments. PubliRES - Publications, Research, Expertise and Skills, 167-182.
[18]. Yuan, S. N. V., & Ip, H. H. S. (2018). Using Virtual Reality to Train Emotional and Social Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. London Journal of Primary Care, 10(4), 110-112.
[19]. Sobel, K. (2019). Immersive Media and Child Development: Synthesis of a Cross-Sectoral Meeting on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality and Young Children. Future of Childhood. In ERIC. Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.