Volume 112

The explosive growth of food-delivery platforms has shifted the focus of competition from user acquisition to user retention. However, most platforms still rely on a one-time five-star rating system, whose weak incentive mechanism and linear dispute process cannot build long-term loyalty or obtain high-quality feedback. This paper compares the "gamification + crowdsourced review" model (Meituan) and the traditional star rating model (DoorDash). Drawing on the literature, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and procedural justice, this paper constructs a three-stage framework-design layer → psychological/operational layer → outcome layer-to explain how hierarchical badges, points, and user arbitration can simultaneously meet the needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, and resolve disputes in parallel. The findings indicate that gamified crowdsourced review feedback is not just an embellishment of the user experience but a sustainable strategy that integrates user engagement, data assets, and governance efficiency. This paper finally proposes actionable design guidelines and an experimental agenda for cross-cultural replication and longitudinal causal testing.

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This paper comparatively analyzes Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) governance models of the European Union and the United States, alongside implementation challenges in developing countries. The EU's hybrid "hard law and soft law" model, anchored in the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) and market access leverage, demonstrates greater effectiveness in mitigating supply chain labor rights violations than the US's disclosure-oriented approach, which suffers from enforcement gaps and inadequate remedies. However, developing countries face dual dilemmas: capacity deficits in regulatory infrastructure exacerbate policy conflicts between external standards and local development priorities. To reconcile rights protection with developmental needs, the paper proposes a regulatory adaptation framework for localizing the EU model. The key recommendations include three main points. First, differentiated legislation should exempt SMEs from non-core obligations while prioritizing high-risk industries. Second, adaptive technical reuse must be implemented to address technological gaps. Third, transitional buffers should allow for phased compliance. Sustainable implementation requires shifting global governance from unilateral standard export to collaborative capacity building—establishing a "North-South Compliance Fund", technology partnerships, and inclusive consultation mechanisms. This approach builds essential "stairs" for developing economies to achieve rights protection without compromising development.

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In the global trade governance system, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is the core pillar of maintaining the multilateral trade order, and the effective operation of its Appellate Body is crucial. However, the United States has been continuously obstructing the appointment of new members of the Appellate Body since 2017, resulting in the agency's suspension due to insufficient quorum in December 2019 and exposing the institutional flaws of the selection rules amid political games. This article focuses on the dilemmas and innovations of selection rules, employing normative analysis, case-based empirical research, and comparative research methods to examine the structural loopholes in the rules and the impact of political intervention. The study finds that the ambiguity of the consensus voting mechanism and qualification standards is the root cause of the problem. It proposes an innovative pathway centered on clarifying professional qualifications, introducing majority decision-making procedures, and strengthening independent evaluation, providing a theoretical reference for revitalizing the dispute resolution mechanism.

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