
Impacts of genetics and geoscience on the behaviors of young people and how human behaviors change the geographic environment
- 1 Wuhan Britain China School, Wuhan, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This review systematically summarized and discussed the impacts of genetics and geoscience on human behaviors, especially young people, and how human behaviors change the geographic environment. In the review, some basic methodologies of genetic epidemiology have been revisited. It also compared environmental influences with adaptive genetic influences across various adolescent behaviors as examples. Pathways for the occurrence of genetic risks arepresented in this review as well where issues not just in deviant behaviors but also in the health issues mentally and physically. While geographic environment has impacts on the behaviors of young people, human activities are one of the reasons for those changes as well. Summaries and insights exhibited in this review can not only shed light on future research of the impact of various human activity on the geographic environment, but also implies benevolent activities human can take for the environment that consequentially benefit the growth of our adolescents at both cognitive and body level.
Keywords
Impacts of genetics, adolescence behavior (drinking behavior), geographic environment, geoscience, human activities.
[1]. Plomin, R., DeFries,J.C., McClearn, G.E., McGuffin, P., 2001. Behavioral Genetics. Worth, London.
[2]. Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., Osterman, M., Curtin, S.C., Matthews, T.J., 2015. Births: Final Data for 2014. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
[3]. Kaprio, J., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R.J., 2002. Genetic and environmental factors in health-related behaviors: studies on Finnish twins and twin families. Twin Res. 5, 358–365.
[4]. Anderson, L.S., Beverly, W.T., Corey, L., Murrelle,L., 2002. The mid-Atlantic twin registry. Twin Res. 5, 449–455.
[5]. Meyer, J.M., Silberg, J.L., Simonoff, E., Kendler, K.S., Hewitt, J.K., 1996. The Virginia twin-family study of adolescent behavioral development: assessing sample biases in demographic correlates of psychopathology. Psychol. Med. 26, 1119–1133.
[6]. Turkheimer, E., Waldron, M., 2000. Nonshared environment: a theoretical, methodological, and quantitative review. Psychol. Bull. 126, 78–108.
[7]. Hewitt,J.K., Silberg, J.L., Rutter, M., Simonoff, E., Meyer, J.M., Maes, H.H., Pickles, A., Neale, M.C., Loeber, R., Erickson, M.T., Kendler, K.S., Health, A.C., Truett, K.R., Reynolds, C.A., Eaves, L.J., 1997. Genetics and developmental psycholpathology: 1. Pehnotypic assessment in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 38, 943–963.
[8]. McGue, M., Iacono, W.G., Krueger, R., 2006. The association of early adolescent problem behavior and adult psychopathology: a multivariate behavioral genetic perspective. Behav. Genet. 36, 591–602.
[9]. Littlefield, A.K., Agrawal,A., Ellingson, J.M., Kristjansson, S., Madden, P.A., Bucholz, K.K., Slutske, W.S., Heath, A.C., Sher, K.J., 2011. Does variance in drinking motives explain the genetic overlap between personality and alcohol use disorder symptoms?A twin study of young women alcoholism. Clin. Exp. Res. 35, 2242–2250.
[10]. Viken, R.J., Kaprio, J., Rose, R.J., 2007. Personality at ages 16 and 17 and drinking problems at ages 18 and 25: genetic analyses of data from FinnTwin16-25. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 10, 25—32.
[11]. Plomin, R., DeFries,J.C., 1998. The genetics of cognitive abilities and disabilities. Sci. Am. 278, 62—69.
[12]. Trzaskowski, M., Davis, O.S., DeFries, J.C., Yang, J., Visscher, P.M., Plomin, R., 2013. DNA evidence for strong genome-wide pleiotropy of cognitive and learning abilities. Behav. Genet. 43, 267—273.
[13]. McGue,M., Lykken, D.T., 1992. Genetic influence on risk of divorce. Psychol. Sci. 3, 368—373.
[14]. Eaves, L.J., Heath, A., Martin, N., Maes, H.H., Neale, M.C., Kenderl, K.S., Kirk, K., Corey, L., 1999. Comparing the biological and cultural inheritance of personality and social attitutdes in the Virginia 30,000 study of twin and their relatives. Twin Res. 2, 62—80.
[15]. Hatemi,P.K., Smith, K., Alford, J.R., Martin, N.G., Hibbing, J.R., 2015. The genetic and envrionmental foundations of political, psychological, social, and economic behaviors: a panel study of twins and families. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 18, 243—255.
[16]. Archontaki, D., Lewis, G.J., Bates, T.C., 2013. Genetic influence on psychological well-being: a nationally representative twin study. J. Pers. 81, 221—230.
[17]. Sadler,M.E., Miller, C.J., Christensen, K., McGue,M., 2011. Subjective wellbeing and longevity: a co-twin control study. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 14, 249—256.
[18]. Turkheimer, E., 2000. Three laws of behavior genetics and what they mean. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 9, 160—164.
[19]. Rose, R.J., Dick, D.M., Viken, R.J., Kaprio, J., 2001a. Gene-environment interaction in patterns of adolescent drinking: regional residency moderates longitudinal influences on alcohol use. Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 25, 637— 643.
[20]. Rose, R.J., Viken, R.J., Dick, D.M., Bates, J., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., 2003. It does take a village: nonfamilial environments and children’s behavior. Psychol. Sci. 14, 273—277.
[21]. Faden, F.B., 2006. Trends in initiation of alcohol use in the United States 1975 to 2003. Clin. Exp. Res. 30, 1011— 1022.
[22]. SAMHSA, 2007. Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Office of Applies Studies, Rockville, MD.
[23]. SAMHSA, 2014. Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Office of Applied Statistics, Rockville, MD.
[24]. Chen, C.M., Yi, H., Faden, V.B., 2015. Trends in Underage Drinking in the United States 1991—2013. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD.
[25]. Rose, R.J., Dick, D.M., Viken, R.J., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., 2001b. Drinking or abstaining at age 14: a genetic epidemiological study. Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 25, 1594—1604.
[26]. Kendler, K.S., Schmitt, E., Aggen, S.H., Prescott, C.A., 2008b. Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, and nicotine use from early adolescence to middle adulthood. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65, 674— 682.
[27]. Dick, D.M., Viken, R., Purcell, S., Kaprio, J., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R.J., 2007b. Parental monitoring moderates the importance of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent smoking. J. Ab
[28]. Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C., Myers, J., Neale, M.C., 2003. The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60, 929—937.
[29]. Krueger,R.F., Hicks, B.M., Patrick, C.J., Carlson, S.R., Iacono, W.G., McGue,M., 2002.
[30]. Young, S.E., Stallings, M.C., Corley, R.P., Krauter,K.S., Hewitt,J.K., 2000. Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am. J. Med. Genet. 96, 684—695.
[31]. Edenberg, H.J., Xuei, X., Chen, H.J., Tian, H., Wetherill, L.F., Dick, D.M., Almasy, L., Bierut, L., Bucholz, K.K., Goate,A., Hesselbrock, V., Kuperman, S., Nurnberger,J., Porjesz, B., Rice,J., Schuckit,M., Tischfield, J., Begleiter, H., Foroud, T., 2006. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15, 1539—1549.
[32]. Kuo, P.H., Kalsi, G., Prescott, C.A., Hodgkinson, C.A., Goldman, D., van den Oord, E.J., Alexander,J., Jiang, C., Sullivan, P.F., Patterson, D.G., Walsh, D., Kendler, K.S., Riley, B.P., 2008. Association of ADHandALDH genes with alcohol dependence in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of alcohol dependence (IASPSAD) sample. Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 32, 785—795.
[33]. Whitfield, J.B., 1997. Meta-analysis of the effects of alcohol dehydrogenase genotype on alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol. 32, 613—619.
[34]. Casey, B.J., Galvan, A., Hare, T.A., 2005. Changes in cerebral functional organization during cognitive development. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 15, 239—244.
[35]. Clark,D.B., Winters, K.C., 2002. Measuring risks and outcomes in substance use disorders prevention research. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 70, 1207—1223.
[36]. Vrieze, S.I., Hicks, B.M., Iacono, W.G., McGue, M., 2012. Decline in genetic influence on the co-occurrence of alcohol,marijuana, and nicotine dependence symptoms from age 14 to 29. Am. J. Psychiatry 169, 1073—1081.
[37]. Lenroot, R.K., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D.K., Wells, E.M., Wallace, G.L., Clasen, L.S., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J., Zijdenbos, A.P., Evans, A.C., Thompson, P.M., Giedd, J., 2007. Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage 36, 1065–1073.
[38]. Meyers, J.L., Salvatore,J.E., Vuoksimaa, E., Korhonen, T., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R.J., Kaprio, J., Dick, D.M., 2014. Genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors have diverging developmental trajectories: a prospective study among male and female twins. Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 38, 2869–2877.
[39]. Steinberg, L., 2004. Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1021, 51–58.
[40]. Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O’Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., 2009. Age differences in future orientation and delay discounting. Child Dev. 80, 28–44.
[41]. Purcell, S., 2002. Variance components models for gene-environment interaction in twin analysis. Twin Res. 5, 554–571.
[42]. van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., Dolan, C.V., 2012. A note of false positives and power in GxE modelling of twin data. Behav. Genet. 42, 170–186.
[43]. Dick, D.M., Pagan, J.L., Viken, R., Purcell,S., Kaprio, J., Pulkkinen, L., Rose,R.J., 2007a. Changing environmental influences on substance use across development. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 10, 315–326.
[44]. Button, T.M., Rhee, S.H., Hewitt,J.K., Young, S.E., Corley,R.P., Stallings, M.C., 2007.The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 87, 46–53.
[45]. Feinberg, M.E., Button, T.M., Neiderhiser, J.M., Reiss, D., Hetherington, E.M., 2007.
[46]. Button, T.M., Lau, J.Y., Maughan, B., Eley, T.C., 2008. Parental punitive discipline, negative life events and gene-environment interplay in the development of externalizing behavior. Psychol. Med. 38, 29–39.
[47]. Hicks, B.M., South, S., DiRago, A.C., Iacono, W.G., McGue, M., 2009. Environmental adversity and increasing genetic risk for externalizing disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66, 640–648.
[48]. Dick, D.M., Bernard, M., Aliev,F., Viken, R., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., Rose,R.J., 2009a. The role of socioregional factors in moderating genetic influences on early adolescent behavior problems and alcohol use. Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 33, 1739–1748.
[49]. Dick, D.M., Rose, R.J., Viken, R.J., Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., 2001. Exploring gene-environment interactions: socioregional moderation of alcohol use. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 110, 625–632.
[50]. Shanahan, M.J., Hofer, S.M., 2005. Social context in gene-environment interactions: retrospect and prospect. J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psycholo. Sci. Social Sci. 60 (Spec. No. 1), 65–76.
[51]. Kendler,K.S., Baker, J.H., 2007. Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review. Psychol. Med. 37, 615–626.
[52]. Kendler, K.S., Jacobson, K., Myers, J.M., Eaves, L.J., 2008a. A genetically informative developmental study of the relationship between conduct disorder and peer deviance in males. Psychol. Med. 38, 1001–1011.
[53]. Kendler,K.S., Jacobson, K.C., Gardner, C., Gillespie,N.A., Aggen, S.H., Prescott, C., 2007. Creating a social world: a developmental twin study of peer group deviance. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 64, 958–965.
[54]. Dick, D.M., Agrawal, A., Keller, M.C., Adkins, A., Aliev, F., Monroe, S., Hewitt, J.K., Kendler, K.S., Sher, K.J., 2015. Candidate gene-environment interaction research: reflections and recommendations. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 10, 37–59.
[55]. Saccone, N.L., Downey, J.T.J., Meyer, D.J., Neuman, R.J., Rice, J.P., 1999. Mapping genotype to phenotype for linkage analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 17 (Suppl. 1), S703–S708.
[56]. Wang, S., Huang, S., Liu, N., Chen, L., Oh, C., Zhao, H., 2005. Whole-genome linkage analysis in mapping alcoholism genes using single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites. BMC Genet. 6 (Suppl. 1), S28.
[57]. Hirschhorn, J.N., Daly, M., 2005. Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits. Nat. Rev. – Genet. 6, 95–108.
[58]. Ott,J., Wang, J., Leal,S., 2015. Genetic linkage analysis in the age of whole-genome sequencing. Nat. Rev. – Genet. 16, 275–284.
[59]. Risch, N., Merikangas, K., 1996. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273, 1516–1517.
[60]. McCarthy, M.I., Abecasis, G.R., Cardon, L.R., Goldstein, D.B., Little, J., Ioannidis, J.P., Hirschhorn, J.N., 2008. Genome-wide association studies for complex traits: consensus, uncertainty and challenges. Nat. Rev. – Genet. 9, 356–369.
[61]. Barrett,J.C., Fry,B., Maller, J., Daly,M.J., 2005. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics 21, 263–265.
Cite this article
Chen,S. (2024). Impacts of genetics and geoscience on the behaviors of young people and how human behaviors change the geographic environment. Theoretical and Natural Science,63,27-37.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).