Volume 70
Published on December 2024Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science
Currently, CAR-T cell therapy has become one of the most commonly seen ways of immunotherapies to treat cancer, it is specifically targeted, with limited side effects compared with some other treatments like chemotherapy, and it has a high chance of curing the cancer with no reoccurrence. This treatment is preferred by many because of its broad application and adaptability; the T cell is gathered from the patient’s own system so they have no risk of rejection reaction and greatly increases the safety of the drug, excluding immune system overreaction and mortalities. This paper is to briefly introduce CAR-T cell therapy as a kind of immunotherapy: its applications for blood cancers, limitations on solid tumors, actions done to solve the treatment problems, and the potential for future applications. If the clinical trials for solid tumors succeed, the potential for safe, effective, and thorough treatment in the appliance of CAR-T cell therapy.
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The most common anti-cancer therapy is to use chemotherapy drugs, but this drug has huge side effects on the patient's body, so some doctors want to study whether there are other natural drugs that can fight cancer and have fewer side effects. And Scutellaria barbata is one of the natural drugs studied by doctors. Scutellaria barbata is often used in traditional Chinese medicine to assist in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, hoping to reduce the harm of cancer cells to patients. In the database, current doctors have "dissected" the effective ingredients of Scutellaria barbata into five categories. This article analyzes three of them, including flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids. This article analyzes the research on Scutellaria barbata in anti-cancer, and obtained many clinically effective case results and some proven effective ingredients. This article can provide some useful references for future research ideas, but there is still a research gap on how to extract the effective anti-cancer ingredients of Scutellaria barbata and study drugs that can effectively inhibit cancer. Future research can focus on the direction of chemical components of Scutellaria barbata.
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In-ear biosensors have emerged as a promising solution for non-invasive, continuous health monitoring, offering numerous advantages over traditional healthcare systems. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the study "In-ear integrated sensor array for the continuous monitoring of brain activity and of lactate in sweat" by Xu et al., exploring the potential of in-ear biosensing for long-term health monitoring and proposing recommendations for optimizing these systems. The high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and non-invasive nature of the in-ear sensor array developed by Xu et al. enable precise and accurate monitoring of electrophysiological signals and metabolic changes, such as EEG and sweat lactate concentration. The integration of multiple sensors in a single device allows for comprehensive health assessments, providing a holistic view of the user's physiological state. To enhance the performance and utility of in-ear sensor arrays, this paper recommends expanding non-invasive monitoring capabilities, developing modular and customizable designs, and integrating advanced data analytics and decision support systems. The Hierarchical fog-assisted computing architecture (HiCH) is discussed as a potential solution to address the challenges of integrating machine learning algorithms into resource-constrained in-ear biosensors. Furthermore, the paper explores the future perspectives and challenges associated with in-ear biosensing, including its potential impact on personalized healthcare, opportunities for advancing neuroscience research, and ethical considerations related to data privacy. By leveraging the findings of Xu et al. and addressing the identified challenges, in-ear biosensors have the potential to revolutionize health monitoring, enabling early detection, personalized treatment, and improved patient outcomes.
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Nearly half of adults aged 60 and above in China suffer from hypertension, a critical public health issue. Emerging evidence suggests that trace elements in plasma, such as copper and selenium, may play significant roles in the development of hypertension. This study examines the relationship between plasma concentrations of these elements and hypertension risk among elderly Chinese populations. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the China Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which included a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 60 and above. The study analyzed data from 452 participants, focusing on plasma concentrations of copper and selenium measured in 2009 and their association with hypertension outcomes in subsequent years. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression models, were used to assess the relationships while controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. The results revealed that higher plasma copper levels are associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, particularly in rural areas of Hubei and Guangxi provinces. The association between selenium and hypertension was statistically significant but had a negligible effect size. These findings suggest that copper may play a protective role against hypertension, with potential implications for public health interventions targeting the elderly population in China.
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With the increasing causes of cancer and the improvement of cancer diagnosis rates, the global burden of cancer is becoming increasingly severe. But at the same time, researchers are also gaining a better understanding of cancer and accumulating more and more experience in fighting cancer, which has improved the survival rate of cancer. The treatment method that modifies T cells with CAR genes to have anti-cancer effects has been named CAR T cell immunotherapy by researchers. This immunotherapy significant achievements have been made in the field of hematology treatment. tumors, and the related drug Kyrmiah was approved for market in 2017. This article briefly explains the basic principles of CAR T cell immunotherapy by integrating textual materials, and reviews and summarizes the development history and main achievements of this immunotherapy. By summarizing and organizing, exploratory learners quickly and directly understand the basic information of CAR T cell immunotherapy. Hope to help capable scholars accumulate relevant knowledge, discover and solve new problems discovered in the practical application of this therapy in the future, expand its application scope, reduce treatment costs, and enable more cancer patients in need of this technology to receive assistance.
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As a disease phenomenon, the existence and recognition of cancer can be traced back to the medical literature long ago. However, the modern scientific understanding and classification of CRC are gradually formed with the deepening of medical research. Through long-term clinical observation, pathological research and the development of molecular biology technology, scientists have gradually revealed the pathogenesis, genetic characteristics and treatment of CRC. As for the invention of mAb for the treatment of CRC, it is the product of rapid development of biomedical technology in recent decades. In the treatment of CRC, a variety of mAb have been developed and applied clinically, such as monoclonal drugs targeting key signaling pathways such as EGFR and VEGF. The invention and application of these drugs provide new treatment options and hopes for CRC patients, and allow patients to have more choices to choose their own drugs to avoid some side effects during treatment.
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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a promising approach in cancer treatment, offering high specificity, fewer adverse reactions, and improved prognoses compared to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These drugs utilize monoclonal antibodies to precisely target and bind to cancer-specific markers, enhancing treatment efficacy. Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody drug in 1986, the field has expanded significantly, with thousands of such drugs now available globally. In China, 53 mAbs have been approved as of 2021. Despite these advances, challenges such as drug resistance and high costs remain. However, continued scientific research and technological innovation are expected to address these issues and further improve treatment outcomes. The integration of individualized treatment plans, tailored to the specific characteristics of patients' tumors, holds the potential to revolutionize cancer care. With ongoing clinical trials and research, mAbs are expected to play an increasingly vital role in cancer therapy, offering new hope to patients and contributing to the global fight against this life-threatening disease.
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Fossil is defined as any form of remnant life on past Earth, and they provide valuable insights into past climatic conditions, including temperature, sea level changes, and atmospheric composition. Through the study of element composition and other methods, past climatic conditions can be revealed. With a focus on the significance as a source of pre-historical environmental and climatic data, this study examines the influence of fossil records on weather and climate prediction.The study investigates how fossils can be used to obtain past climate data and how these pre-historical data might be incorporated into current climate models to increase the precision of climate projections in the future. Drawbacks and difficulties of using fossil records, including the precision of the dating process and the chronological and spatial resolution of the information they offer, are also considered. Past research articles are referenced and used to draw conclusions about different approaches to the study of fossil record and help the identification of potential drawbacks of using fossils to study climate change. The study concludes that although fossil records provide important insights into past climatic patterns, there is still room for improvement in applying these records to forecast future climatic trends. To improve the processes for incorporating fossil data into climate models and make more precise projections of future climate changes, further research is required.
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Sports recovery is a critical component of athletic training, focusing on reducing muscle damage, alleviating fatigue, and accelerating the return to optimal performance levels. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with its holistic approach to health, plays a significant role in this domain. Cupping therapy, an ancient TCM practice, has recently gained attention in the sports community for its potential benefits in muscle recovery and pain relief. The research focuses on how cupping therapy contributes to the physiological recovery process of athletes, the specific mechanisms by which it alleviates muscle tension and pain, and the comparison between the integration of cupping therapy into sports recovery protocols and conventional recovery methods. The research utilizes a mixed-methodological approach, encompassing a systematic review of the extant literature on cupping therapy and sports recovery in conjunction with a case study analysis. The case study focuses on Michael Phelps, an Olympic athlete known for using cupping therapy. The study concludes that cupping therapy significantly aids sports recovery by promoting blood circulation, relieving muscle tension, and enhancing the immune system. It also suggests that cupping is a viable alternative or complement to conventional recovery methods, offering a natural and less invasive approach to muscle recovery. This research is significant as it provides empirical evidence supporting the use of TCM practices like cupping in modern sports medicine. It highlights the potential of integrating traditional healing methods with contemporary sports recovery strategies, offering a more comprehensive approach to athlete care.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a chronic diffuse connective tissue disease caused primarily by abnormal activation of the immune system, which attacks its own tissues. It is the most common in women of reproductive age. The exact cause of SLE is unknown, currently, people thought that the development of SLE may be related to genetics, environment and oestrogen. Exacerbations of SLE can be triggered by sun exposure, use of specific drugs, infections, and oral oestrogen use. Unfortunately, SLE cannot be cured completely and long-term remission can only be achieved after standard treatment. Thus, the priority now is to find effective therapeutic drugs and a systematic treatment plan. Contemporary clinical treatments for therapeutic use are classified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-malarial drugs, immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. After searching the literature from pubmed and medical innovation of China, I found that the anti-malarial drugs are one of the basic drugs in the treatment of SLE, controlling the rash and reducing photosensitivity, as well as helping to maintain the stability of SLE and reduce the use of glucocorticoids. This paper introduced some newly found curing pathway taking dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and β-aminoarteether maleate (SM934) as the drug treatment, which both show a good immunosuppressive activity and low toxicity in mouse experiments to act as an immunosuppressant immunosuppressant mouse experiments used as adjuvant therapy.
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