Volume 18 Issue 11
Published on November 2025This study focuses on women's vocational training policies and systematically compares differences in policy objectives, implementation mechanisms, gender responsiveness, and social outcomes across Shanghai, the UK, and Hong Kong through textual analysis and empirical comparison. The findings reveal three key trends: Shanghai’s policies prioritize adaptability to new employment forms and migrant women’s needs; the UK faces structural challenges of gendered occupational segregation; and Hong Kong uses flexible mechanisms to address the balance between family care and employment. Based on these insights, the study proposes a women’s training policy system centered on demand precision, mechanism flexibility, and gender mainstreaming to support migrant women’s career development.
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Due to the growing demand for marine resources, deep-sea mining has become one of the most important areas of global maritime policy. However, ambiguous provisions in international maritime law continue to pose a regulatory challenge. This study focuses on the application of international maritime law to the exploitation of mineral resources in the deep sea and is based on document analysis and case studies. This study examines two key questions: the specific limitations of existing international maritime law (represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) with regard to the regulation of deep-sea mining, and how to improve legal framework to ensure more effective governance. The results reveal several shortcomings in current international maritime law, including unclear delineation of responsibilities and inadequate regulatory mechanisms for deep-sea mining. The study ultimately proposes targeted improvement measures, such as revising treaty provisions and establishing a comprehensive regulatory platform, to meet practical requirements in the field of deep-sea mining management.
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