The applications of sonar and radar systems in underwater detection

Research Article
Open access

The applications of sonar and radar systems in underwater detection

Chenglin Cai 1*
  • 1 Kings’ College London    
  • *corresponding author K22019862@kcl.ac.uk
Published on 7 February 2024 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/37/20230519
ACE Vol.37
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-299-2
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-300-5

Abstract

The development of sonar and radar systems utilizing sound and radio waves, respectively, has evolved significantly over the past two centuries. Recent decades have witnessed remarkable progress in remote sensing using high-frequency Doppler radars for marine surface parameter analysis. Understanding animal behavior around sustainable ocean energy sources is crucial for mitigating potential risks linked to such installations. Increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) enhances signal reception. A technique estimating noise in the detection coil's first half determines the transfer function between the reference and detection coils. This enables separation of the Ultra-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance signal from noise, preserving it using non-linear fitting. Sonar systems, using sound waves, detect underwater objects, map surfaces, and track marine life. Sound waves emitted by the transmitter are reflected back to calculate distances. Challenges in sonar systems include a blind zone caused by submerged transducers in shallow water. To improve, SNR enhancement is critical. Sonar's future may rely on AI-assisted signal processing. Radar systems, operating with radio waves, share features with sonar, focusing on object detection and ranging. Improvement avenues include 3D imaging and AI-enhanced signal processing. In conclusion, sonar and radar systems are crucial tools for underwater exploration and object detection. While challenges persist, innovative solutions and AI advancements promise enhanced capabilities for both systems.

Keywords:

Sonar System, Radar System, Signal-to-noise Ratio

Cai,C. (2024). The applications of sonar and radar systems in underwater detection. Applied and Computational Engineering,37,254-258.
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References

[1]. Gill E W, Howell R K, Hickey K, Walsh J and Dawe B J, 1993, High frequency ground wave radar measurement of ocean surface parameters during the ERS-1 calibration-validation experiment, vol.1, Proceedings of OCEANS '93, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. I55-I60.

[2]. Williamson B J, Fraser S, Blondel P, Bell P S, Waggitt J J and Scott B E, Oct. 2017, Multisensor Acoustic Tracking of Fish and Seabird Behavior Around Tidal Turbine Structures in Scotland, vol. 42, no. 4, in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, pp. 948-965.

[3]. Loran T, Barros Cardoso da Silva A, Joshi S K, Baumgartner S V and Krieger G, 2023, Ship Detection Based on Faster R-CNN Using Range-Compressed Airborne Radar Data, vol. 20, Art no. 3500205, in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, pp. 1-5.

[4]. Zhang L, Huanq J, Jin Y, Hau Y, Jianq M and Zhang Q, April 2010, Waveform diversity based sonar system for target localization, vol. 21, no. 2, in Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, pp. 186-190

[5]. Zhang J, Du G,Lin J, Yi X and Jiang C, 2019, Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Underground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data Based on the Nearby Reference Noise Cancellation Method, vol. 7, in IEEE Access, pp. 75265-75275

[6]. Isla J and Cegla F, April 2017, Coded Excitation for Pulse-Echo Systems, vol. 64, no. 4, in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, pp. 736-748

[7]. Fitzpatrick A, Singhvi A and Arbabian A, 2020, An Airborne Sonar System for Underwater Remote Sensing and Imaging, vol. 8, in IEEE Access, pp. 189945-189959

[8]. Liang Z and Song C, 2022, DNLS: A Detection Method Based on Normalized Short-Time Fourier Transform-Radon Transform for Low Frequency Sonar Pulse Signal, vol. 10, in IEEE Access, pp. 7025-7041, 2022

[9]. Fu X, Fan Z, Ling M, Huang Y, and Ding X, Nov. 2017, Two-step approach for single underwater image enhancement, in Proc. Int. Symp. Intell. Signal Process. Commun. Syst., pp. 789–794.

[10]. Li C et al., 2020, An Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark Dataset and Beyond, vol. 29, in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, pp. 4376-4389

Cite this article

Cai,C. (2024). The applications of sonar and radar systems in underwater detection. Applied and Computational Engineering,37,254-258.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Automation

ISBN：978-1-83558-299-2(Print) / 978-1-83558-300-5(Online)
Editor：Mustafa İSTANBULLU
Conference website: https://2023.confmla.org/
Conference date: 18 October 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.37
ISSN：2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Gill E W, Howell R K, Hickey K, Walsh J and Dawe B J, 1993, High frequency ground wave radar measurement of ocean surface parameters during the ERS-1 calibration-validation experiment, vol.1, Proceedings of OCEANS '93, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. I55-I60.

[2]. Williamson B J, Fraser S, Blondel P, Bell P S, Waggitt J J and Scott B E, Oct. 2017, Multisensor Acoustic Tracking of Fish and Seabird Behavior Around Tidal Turbine Structures in Scotland, vol. 42, no. 4, in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, pp. 948-965.

[3]. Loran T, Barros Cardoso da Silva A, Joshi S K, Baumgartner S V and Krieger G, 2023, Ship Detection Based on Faster R-CNN Using Range-Compressed Airborne Radar Data, vol. 20, Art no. 3500205, in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, pp. 1-5.

[4]. Zhang L, Huanq J, Jin Y, Hau Y, Jianq M and Zhang Q, April 2010, Waveform diversity based sonar system for target localization, vol. 21, no. 2, in Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, pp. 186-190

[5]. Zhang J, Du G,Lin J, Yi X and Jiang C, 2019, Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Underground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data Based on the Nearby Reference Noise Cancellation Method, vol. 7, in IEEE Access, pp. 75265-75275

[6]. Isla J and Cegla F, April 2017, Coded Excitation for Pulse-Echo Systems, vol. 64, no. 4, in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, pp. 736-748

[7]. Fitzpatrick A, Singhvi A and Arbabian A, 2020, An Airborne Sonar System for Underwater Remote Sensing and Imaging, vol. 8, in IEEE Access, pp. 189945-189959

[8]. Liang Z and Song C, 2022, DNLS: A Detection Method Based on Normalized Short-Time Fourier Transform-Radon Transform for Low Frequency Sonar Pulse Signal, vol. 10, in IEEE Access, pp. 7025-7041, 2022

[9]. Fu X, Fan Z, Ling M, Huang Y, and Ding X, Nov. 2017, Two-step approach for single underwater image enhancement, in Proc. Int. Symp. Intell. Signal Process. Commun. Syst., pp. 789–794.

[10]. Li C et al., 2020, An Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark Dataset and Beyond, vol. 29, in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, pp. 4376-4389

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