Asynchronous Federated Learning: Methods and applications

Research Article
Open access

Asynchronous Federated Learning: Methods and applications

Yifan Liu 1*
  • 1 Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance    
  • *corresponding author YFLiu@stu.sqmc.edu.cn
Published on 21 February 2024 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/39/20230588
ACE Vol.39
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-303-6
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-304-3

Abstract

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed alternative to traditional machine learning frameworks that computes a global model on a centralized aggregation server according to the parameters of local models, which can address the privacy leakage problem caused by collecting sensitive data from local devices. However, the classic FL methods with synchronous aggregation strategies, in many cases, shall suffer from limitations in resource utilization due to the need to wait for slower devices (stragglers) to aggregate during each training epoch. In addition, the accuracy of the global model can be affected by the uneven distribution of data among unreliable devices in real-world scenarios. Therefore, many Asynchronous Federated Learning (AFL) methods have been developed on many occasions to improve communication efficiency, model performance, privacy, and security. This article elaborates on the existing research on AFL and its applications in many areas. The paper first introduces the concept and development of FL, and then discusses in detail the related work and main research directions of AFL, including dealing with stragglers, staleness, communication efficiency between devices, and privacy and scalability issues. Then, this paper also explores the application of AFL in different fields, especially in the fields of mobile device edge computing, Internet of Things devices, and medical data analysis. Finally, the article gives some outlook on future research directions and believes that it is necessary to design efficient asynchronous optimization algorithms, reduce communication overhead and computing resource usage, and explore new data privacy protection methods.

Keywords:

Asynchronous Federated Learning, Secure Aggregation, Differential Privacy, Distributed Machine Learning

Liu,Y. (2024). Asynchronous Federated Learning: Methods and applications. Applied and Computational Engineering,39,122-129.
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References

[1]. Konečný, Jakub, et al. "Federated learning: Strategies for improving communication efficiency." arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.05492 (2016).

[2]. McMahan, Brendan, et al. "Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data." Artificial intelligence and statistics. PMLR, 2017.

[3]. Ho, Qirong, et al. "More effective distributed ml via a stale synchronous parallel parameter server." Advances in neural information processing systems (2013).

[4]. Li, Mu, et al. "Scaling distributed machine learning with the parameter server." 11th USENIX Symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI 14). 2014.

[5]. Li, Mu, et al. "Communication efficient distributed machine learning with the parameter server." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems27 (2014).

[6]. McMahan, H. Brendan, et al. "Learning differentially private recurrent language models." arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06963 (2017).

[7]. Bonawitz, Keith, et al. "Practical secure aggregation for privacy-preserving machine learning." Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2017.

[8]. Wu, Wentai, et al. "SAFA: A semi-asynchronous protocol for fast federated learning with low overhead." IEEE Transactions on Computers 70.5 (2020): 655-668.

[9]. Bonawitz, Keith, et al. "Towards federated learning at scale: System design." Proceedings of machine learning and systems 1 (2019): 374-388.

[10]. Xie, Cong, Sanmi Koyejo, and Indranil Gupta. "Asynchronous federated optimization." arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.03934 (2019).

[11]. Lian, Xiangru, et al. "Asynchronous decentralized parallel stochastic gradient descent." International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2018.

[12]. Zheng, Shuxin, et al. "Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent with delay compensation." International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2017.

[13]. Zinkevich, Martin, et al. "Parallelized stochastic gradient descent." Advances in neural information processing systems 23 (2010).

[14]. Dean, Jeffrey, et al. "Large scale distributed deep networks." Advances in neural information processing systems 25 (2012).

[15]. Kairouz, Peter, et al. "Advances and open problems in federated learning." Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning 14.1–2 (2021): 1-210.

[16]. Sattler, Felix, et al. "Robust and communication-efficient federated learning from non-iid data." IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems 31.9 (2019): 3400-3413.

[17]. Zhao, Yue, et al. "Federated learning with non-iid data." arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.00582 (2018).https://www.tensorflow.org/federated

[18]. https://www.tensorflow.org/federated

[19]. Recht, Benjamin, et al. "Hogwild!: A lock-free approach to parallelizing stochastic gradient descent." Advances in neural information processing systems 24 (2011).

[20]. Sprague, Michael R., et al. "Asynchronous federated learning for geospatial applications." Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

[21]. Sprague, Michael R., et al. "Asynchronous federated learning for geospatial applications." Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

[22]. Zhou, Chendi, et al. "TEA-fed: time-efficient asynchronous federated learning for edge computing." Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers. 2021.

[23]. Shi, Guomei, et al. "HySync: Hybrid federated learning with effective synchronization." 2020 IEEE 22nd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 18th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 6th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS). IEEE, 2020.

[24]. Chen, Yujing, et al. "Asynchronous online federated learning for edge devices with non-iid data." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2020.

[25]. Chen, Jianmin, et al. "Revisiting distributed synchronous SGD." arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.00981(2016).

[26]. Nishio, Takayuki, and Ryo Yonetani. "Client selection for federated learning with heterogeneous resources in mobile edge." ICC 2019-2019 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC). IEEE, 2019.

[27]. Chai, Zheng, et al. "Fedat: A communication-efficient federated learning method with asynchronous tiers under non-iid data." ArXivorg (2020).

[28]. Nguyen, John, et al. "Federated learning with buffered asynchronous aggregation." International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 2022.

[29]. So, Jinhyun, et al. "Secure aggregation for buffered asynchronous federated learning." arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.02177 (2021).

[30]. Zhang, Tuo, et al. "Federated learning for the internet of things: Applications, challenges, and opportunities." IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 5.1 (2022): 24-29.

[31]. Sakib, Sadman, et al. "On COVID-19 prediction using asynchronous federated learning-based agile radiograph screening booths." ICC 2021-IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2021.

[32]. Yaqoob, Muhammad Mateen, et al. "Modified Artificial Bee Colony Based Feature Optimized Federated Learning for Heart Disease Diagnosis in Healthcare." Applied Sciences 12.23 (2022): 12080.

[33]. Sakib, Sadman, et al. "Asynchronous federated learning-based ECG analysis for arrhythmia detection." 2021 IEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom). IEEE, 2021.

[34]. Khan, Muhammad Amir, et al. "Asynchronous Federated Learning for Improved Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence." Diagnostics 13.14 (2023): 2340.


Cite this article

Liu,Y. (2024). Asynchronous Federated Learning: Methods and applications. Applied and Computational Engineering,39,122-129.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Automation

ISBN:978-1-83558-303-6(Print) / 978-1-83558-304-3(Online)
Editor:Mustafa İSTANBULLU
Conference website: https://2023.confmla.org/
Conference date: 18 October 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.39
ISSN:2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Konečný, Jakub, et al. "Federated learning: Strategies for improving communication efficiency." arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.05492 (2016).

[2]. McMahan, Brendan, et al. "Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data." Artificial intelligence and statistics. PMLR, 2017.

[3]. Ho, Qirong, et al. "More effective distributed ml via a stale synchronous parallel parameter server." Advances in neural information processing systems (2013).

[4]. Li, Mu, et al. "Scaling distributed machine learning with the parameter server." 11th USENIX Symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI 14). 2014.

[5]. Li, Mu, et al. "Communication efficient distributed machine learning with the parameter server." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems27 (2014).

[6]. McMahan, H. Brendan, et al. "Learning differentially private recurrent language models." arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06963 (2017).

[7]. Bonawitz, Keith, et al. "Practical secure aggregation for privacy-preserving machine learning." Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2017.

[8]. Wu, Wentai, et al. "SAFA: A semi-asynchronous protocol for fast federated learning with low overhead." IEEE Transactions on Computers 70.5 (2020): 655-668.

[9]. Bonawitz, Keith, et al. "Towards federated learning at scale: System design." Proceedings of machine learning and systems 1 (2019): 374-388.

[10]. Xie, Cong, Sanmi Koyejo, and Indranil Gupta. "Asynchronous federated optimization." arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.03934 (2019).

[11]. Lian, Xiangru, et al. "Asynchronous decentralized parallel stochastic gradient descent." International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2018.

[12]. Zheng, Shuxin, et al. "Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent with delay compensation." International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2017.

[13]. Zinkevich, Martin, et al. "Parallelized stochastic gradient descent." Advances in neural information processing systems 23 (2010).

[14]. Dean, Jeffrey, et al. "Large scale distributed deep networks." Advances in neural information processing systems 25 (2012).

[15]. Kairouz, Peter, et al. "Advances and open problems in federated learning." Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning 14.1–2 (2021): 1-210.

[16]. Sattler, Felix, et al. "Robust and communication-efficient federated learning from non-iid data." IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems 31.9 (2019): 3400-3413.

[17]. Zhao, Yue, et al. "Federated learning with non-iid data." arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.00582 (2018).https://www.tensorflow.org/federated

[18]. https://www.tensorflow.org/federated

[19]. Recht, Benjamin, et al. "Hogwild!: A lock-free approach to parallelizing stochastic gradient descent." Advances in neural information processing systems 24 (2011).

[20]. Sprague, Michael R., et al. "Asynchronous federated learning for geospatial applications." Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

[21]. Sprague, Michael R., et al. "Asynchronous federated learning for geospatial applications." Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

[22]. Zhou, Chendi, et al. "TEA-fed: time-efficient asynchronous federated learning for edge computing." Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers. 2021.

[23]. Shi, Guomei, et al. "HySync: Hybrid federated learning with effective synchronization." 2020 IEEE 22nd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 18th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 6th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS). IEEE, 2020.

[24]. Chen, Yujing, et al. "Asynchronous online federated learning for edge devices with non-iid data." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2020.

[25]. Chen, Jianmin, et al. "Revisiting distributed synchronous SGD." arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.00981(2016).

[26]. Nishio, Takayuki, and Ryo Yonetani. "Client selection for federated learning with heterogeneous resources in mobile edge." ICC 2019-2019 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC). IEEE, 2019.

[27]. Chai, Zheng, et al. "Fedat: A communication-efficient federated learning method with asynchronous tiers under non-iid data." ArXivorg (2020).

[28]. Nguyen, John, et al. "Federated learning with buffered asynchronous aggregation." International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 2022.

[29]. So, Jinhyun, et al. "Secure aggregation for buffered asynchronous federated learning." arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.02177 (2021).

[30]. Zhang, Tuo, et al. "Federated learning for the internet of things: Applications, challenges, and opportunities." IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 5.1 (2022): 24-29.

[31]. Sakib, Sadman, et al. "On COVID-19 prediction using asynchronous federated learning-based agile radiograph screening booths." ICC 2021-IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2021.

[32]. Yaqoob, Muhammad Mateen, et al. "Modified Artificial Bee Colony Based Feature Optimized Federated Learning for Heart Disease Diagnosis in Healthcare." Applied Sciences 12.23 (2022): 12080.

[33]. Sakib, Sadman, et al. "Asynchronous federated learning-based ECG analysis for arrhythmia detection." 2021 IEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom). IEEE, 2021.

[34]. Khan, Muhammad Amir, et al. "Asynchronous Federated Learning for Improved Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence." Diagnostics 13.14 (2023): 2340.