Research Article
Open access
Published on 21 April 2025
Download pdf
Wang,Y. (2025). Evidence of the Existence of Proteinogenic Amino Acids in Space. Applied and Computational Engineering,143,42-46.
Export citation

Evidence of the Existence of Proteinogenic Amino Acids in Space

Yueyang Wang *,1,
  • 1 University College London, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 6BT

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.22052

Abstract

Proteinogenic amino acids – the primary monomers to form proteins on Earth – have been found successively in extraterrestrial areas over decades. It was reported that the detection of amino acids can be both ex situ and in situ. The discovery of proteinogenic amino acids from space may date back to the history of the solar system and is suggestive of alternative mechanisms of synthesizing amino acids. This article uses the literature review method and systematically summarizes the findings from meteorites, asteroids, comets, and the interstellar medium. The article concludes that complex organic molecules are widely spread across the universe and supports the hypothesis that the basic building block of life may be delivered to Earth via celestial bodies, increasing the likelihood of searching for living organisms outside Earth.

Keywords

the Murchison meteorite, asteroid Ryugu, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, interstellar medium

[1]. Engel, Michael H. and Bartholomew, Nagy. “Distribution and Enantiomeric Composition of Amino Acids in the Murchison Meteorite.” Nature, vol. 296, 1971, pp. 837-840.

[2]. Bada, Jeffery L., et al. “On the Reported Optical Activity of Amino Acids in the Murchison Meteorite.” Nature, vol. 301, 1983, pp. 494-496.

[3]. Kvenvolden, Keith A., et al. “Nonprotein Amino Acids in the Murchison Meteorite.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 68, 1971, pp. 486-490.

[4]. Kvenvolden, Keith., et al. “Evidence for Extraterrestrial Amino-acids and Hydrocarbons in the Murchison Meteorite.” Nature, vol. 228, 1970, pp.923-926.

[5]. Pizzarello, S. and Cronin, J. R. “Non-racemic amino acids in the Murray and Murchison meteorite.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 64, 1999, pp. 329-338.

[6]. Engel, M. H. and Macko, S. A. “Isotopic evidence for extraterrestrial non-racemic amino acids in the Murchison meteorite.” Nature, vol. 389, 1997, pp. 265-268.

[7]. Nakamura, T., et al. “Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples.” Science, vol. 379, 2023, eabn8671.

[8]. Parker, Eric T., et al. “Extraterrestrial amino acids and amines identified in asteroid Ryugu samples returned by the Hayabusa2 mission.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 347, 2023, pp. 42-57.

[9]. Furusho, Aogu, et al. “Enantolselective three-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the Hayabusa2 returned samples from the asteroid Ryugu.” Journal of Chromatography Open, vol. 5, 2024, 100134.

[10]. Naraoka, Hiroshi, et al. “Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu.” Science, vol. 379, 2023, eabn9033.

[11]. Hadraoui, K. et al. “Distributed glycine in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.” Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 630, 2019, A32.

[12]. Altwegg, Kathrin, et al. “Prebiotic chemicals — amino acid and phosphorus — in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.” Science Advances, vol. 2, 2016, e1600285.

[13]. Singh, Amresh, et al. “Quantum chemical analysis for the formation of glycine in the interstellar medium.” Research in Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 13, 2013, pp. 912-920.

[14]. Lattelais, M., et al. “About the detectability of glycine in the interstellar medium.” Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 532, 2011, A39.

Cite this article

Wang,Y. (2025). Evidence of the Existence of Proteinogenic Amino Acids in Space. Applied and Computational Engineering,143,42-46.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Functional Materials and Civil Engineering

Conference website: https://2025.conffmce.org/
ISBN:978-1-80590-001-6(Print) / 978-1-80590-002-3(Online)
Conference date: 24 October 2025
Editor:Anil Fernando
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.143
ISSN:2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).