References
[1]. Clayden, Jonathan, et al. Organic Chemistry. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press, 2012.
[2]. Smith, Keith, et al. “A Novel Method for the Nitration of Deactivated Aromatic Compounds.” Journal of the Chemical Society, no. 16, 19 July 2000, pp. 2753–2758, 10.1039/B002158J.
[3]. Hoggett, J. G., et al. Nitration and Aromatic Reactivity. Cambridge University Press, 1971.
[4]. Marsh, Neville, and Alexander Marsh. “A Short History of Nitroglycerine and Nitric Oxide in Pharmacology and Physiology.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 27, no. 4, 2000, pp. 313–319, 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x.
[5]. Thompson, Mike, and Charlie Thompson. “Glycerol - Molecule of the Month - January 2018 (HTML Version).” Figshare, 2017, doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5567872.v1.
[6]. Kyprianou, Dimitris, et al. “Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Using Flow Chemistry.” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 16, 6 Aug. 2020, 10.3390/molecules25163586. Accessed 8 Feb. 2021.
[7]. Jensen, Klavs. “Flow Chemistry-Microreaction Technology Comes of Age.” AIChE Journal, vol. 63, no. 3, 2017, pp. 858–869, 10.1002/aic.15642.
[8]. Brocklehurst, Cara E., et al. “Nitration Chemistry in Continuous Flow Using Fuming Nitric Acid in a Commercially Available Flow Reactor.” Organic Process Research & Development, vol. 15, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1447–1453, 10.1021/op200055r.
[9]. Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali, et al. “Nitration of Aromatic Compounds on Silica Sulfuric Acid.” Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, vol. 25, no. 9, 2004, pp. 1414–1416.
[10]. Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed., Harlow, Essex, Pearson Education, 2014.
[11]. Loudon, Marc, and Jim Parise. Organic Chemistry. Ben Roberts, 2016.
[12]. “Research status and technological progress of nitration process.” n.p. 01 Apr 2022 https://www.sohu.com/a/534518295_121117454
[13]. Amol A. Kulkarni. ”Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices.” Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.38
[14]. “What Is a Micro Channel Reactor & Details || KOBE STEEL, LTD.” Kobelco, www.kobelco.co.jp/english/products/ecmachinery/smcr/overview.html.
[15]. Wen, Zhenghui, et al. “Process Development and Scale-up of the Continuous Flow Nitration of Trifluoromethoxybenzene.” Organic Process Research & Development, vol. 21, no. 11, Nov. 2017, pp. 1843–50, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00291.
[16]. Zhao, Junhong & Wang, Yan & Ding, Guifu & Sun, Cecilia & Wang, Guilian. (2014). Design, fabrication and measurement of a microchannel heat sink with a pin-fin array and optimal inlet position for alleviating the hot spot effect. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 24. 10.1088/0960-1317/24/11/115013.
[17]. Mándity, István M et al. “Strategic Application of Residence-Time Control in Continuous-Flow Reactors.” ChemistryOpen vol. 4,3 (2015): 212-23. doi:10.1002/open.201500018
[18]. Corning Reactor Technologies, Inc. “Review l Progress in the application of continuous nitration of aromatic compounds” n.d. https://www.yiqi.com/zt2721/article_24786.html
Cite this article
Lu,J.;He,C. (2023). Nitration and flow chemistry. Applied and Computational Engineering,7,390-399.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. Clayden, Jonathan, et al. Organic Chemistry. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press, 2012.
[2]. Smith, Keith, et al. “A Novel Method for the Nitration of Deactivated Aromatic Compounds.” Journal of the Chemical Society, no. 16, 19 July 2000, pp. 2753–2758, 10.1039/B002158J.
[3]. Hoggett, J. G., et al. Nitration and Aromatic Reactivity. Cambridge University Press, 1971.
[4]. Marsh, Neville, and Alexander Marsh. “A Short History of Nitroglycerine and Nitric Oxide in Pharmacology and Physiology.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 27, no. 4, 2000, pp. 313–319, 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x.
[5]. Thompson, Mike, and Charlie Thompson. “Glycerol - Molecule of the Month - January 2018 (HTML Version).” Figshare, 2017, doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5567872.v1.
[6]. Kyprianou, Dimitris, et al. “Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Using Flow Chemistry.” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 16, 6 Aug. 2020, 10.3390/molecules25163586. Accessed 8 Feb. 2021.
[7]. Jensen, Klavs. “Flow Chemistry-Microreaction Technology Comes of Age.” AIChE Journal, vol. 63, no. 3, 2017, pp. 858–869, 10.1002/aic.15642.
[8]. Brocklehurst, Cara E., et al. “Nitration Chemistry in Continuous Flow Using Fuming Nitric Acid in a Commercially Available Flow Reactor.” Organic Process Research & Development, vol. 15, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1447–1453, 10.1021/op200055r.
[9]. Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali, et al. “Nitration of Aromatic Compounds on Silica Sulfuric Acid.” Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, vol. 25, no. 9, 2004, pp. 1414–1416.
[10]. Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed., Harlow, Essex, Pearson Education, 2014.
[11]. Loudon, Marc, and Jim Parise. Organic Chemistry. Ben Roberts, 2016.
[12]. “Research status and technological progress of nitration process.” n.p. 01 Apr 2022 https://www.sohu.com/a/534518295_121117454
[13]. Amol A. Kulkarni. ”Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices.” Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.38
[14]. “What Is a Micro Channel Reactor & Details || KOBE STEEL, LTD.” Kobelco, www.kobelco.co.jp/english/products/ecmachinery/smcr/overview.html.
[15]. Wen, Zhenghui, et al. “Process Development and Scale-up of the Continuous Flow Nitration of Trifluoromethoxybenzene.” Organic Process Research & Development, vol. 21, no. 11, Nov. 2017, pp. 1843–50, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00291.
[16]. Zhao, Junhong & Wang, Yan & Ding, Guifu & Sun, Cecilia & Wang, Guilian. (2014). Design, fabrication and measurement of a microchannel heat sink with a pin-fin array and optimal inlet position for alleviating the hot spot effect. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 24. 10.1088/0960-1317/24/11/115013.
[17]. Mándity, István M et al. “Strategic Application of Residence-Time Control in Continuous-Flow Reactors.” ChemistryOpen vol. 4,3 (2015): 212-23. doi:10.1002/open.201500018
[18]. Corning Reactor Technologies, Inc. “Review l Progress in the application of continuous nitration of aromatic compounds” n.d. https://www.yiqi.com/zt2721/article_24786.html