Ancient character recognition with deep learning techniques

Research Article
Open access

Ancient character recognition with deep learning techniques

Zhenbang Wang 1*
  • 1 Zhongnan University of Economics and Law    
  • *corresponding author wangzhenbang2020@163.com
Published on 25 September 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/9/20230089
ACE Vol.9
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-007-3
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-008-0

Abstract

Many deep learning models have achieved remarkable results in many areas, such as image classification and image generation. At the same time, with the increasing attention given to the digitization of ancient manuscripts, ancient character recognition has become one of the most fascinating research areas. In this article, we try some CNNs such as ResNet, VGG, AlexNet or simply CNN on the dataset named Oracle-MNIST, an open ancient character dataset. In addition, to improve the accuracy of the models, ensemble learning is also adopted. Compared with the accuracy, the number of model parameters and running time, it was found that one simple CNN model trained as a snapshot performed best, and the recognition accuracy rate reached 97.009%.

Keywords:

ancient character recognition, deep learning, convolutional neural network.

Wang,Z. (2023). Ancient character recognition with deep learning techniques. Applied and Computational Engineering,9,194-203.
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References

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[3]. Goodfellow, I. J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative Adversarial Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.2661.

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[7]. Zhou, H., Xiong, H., Li, C., Jiang, W., Lu, K., Chen, N., & Liu, Y. (2021). Single image dehazing based on weighted variational regularized model. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 104(7), 961-969.

[8]. Zhou, H., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Xuan, M., Jiang, W., & Xiong, H. (2021). Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Based on Modified Dark Channel Prior. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 104(10), 1758-1761.

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[10]. Wang, M., & Deng, W. (2022). Oracle-MNIST: a Realistic Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.09442.

[11]. Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014). Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556.

[12]. Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., ... & Houlsby, N. (2020). An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929.

[13]. Breiman, L. (1996). Bagging predictors. Machine learning, 24, 123-140.

[14]. Zhou, Z. H. (2012). Ensemble methods: foundations and algorithms. CRC press.

[15]. Jiang, W. (2020). MNIST-MIX: a multi-language handwritten digit recognition dataset. IOP SciNotes, 1(2), 025002.

[16]. Jiang, W. (2020, May). Evaluation of deep learning models for Urdu handwritten characters recognition. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1544, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing.

[17]. Jiang, W., & Zhang, L. (2020). Edge-siamnet and edge-triplenet: New deep learning models for handwritten numeral recognition. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 103(3), 720-723.

[18]. Kibriya, H., Rafique, R., Ahmad, W., & Adnan, S. M. (2021, January). Tomato leaf disease detection using convolution neural network. In 2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST) (pp. 346-351). IEEE.

[19]. Flad, R. K. (2008). Divination and power: a multiregional view of the development of oracle bone divination in early China. Current Anthropology, 49(3), 403-437.

[20]. An, S., Lee, M., Park, S., Yang, H., & So, J. (2020). An ensemble of simple convolutional neural network models for MNIST digit recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.10400.

[21]. Jiang, W., & Luo, J. (2022). Graph neural network for traffic forecasting: A survey. Expert Systems with Applications, 117921.

[22]. Jiang, W. (2022). Graph-based deep learning for communication networks: A survey. Computer Communications, 185, 40-54.


Cite this article

Wang,Z. (2023). Ancient character recognition with deep learning techniques. Applied and Computational Engineering,9,194-203.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Mechatronics and Smart Systems

ISBN:978-1-83558-007-3(Print) / 978-1-83558-008-0(Online)
Editor:Seyed Ghaffar, Alan Wang
Conference website: https://2023.confmss.org/
Conference date: 24 June 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.9
ISSN:2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. Chen, S. S., & Zhang, M. (1988, March). Adaptive (neural network) control in computer-integrated-manufacturing. In Applications of Artificial Intelligence VI (Vol. 937, pp. 470-473). SPIE.

[2]. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016). Deep residual learning for image recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 770-778).

[3]. Goodfellow, I. J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative Adversarial Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.2661.

[4]. Jiang, W., & Zhang, L. (2018). Geospatial data to images: A deep-learning framework for traffic forecasting. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 24(1), 52-64.

[5]. Zheng, Y., & Jiang, W. (2022). Evaluation of Vision Transformers for Traffic Sign Classification. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022.

[6]. Jiang, W. (2021). Applications of deep learning in stock market prediction: recent progress. Expert Systems with Applications, 184, 115537.

[7]. Zhou, H., Xiong, H., Li, C., Jiang, W., Lu, K., Chen, N., & Liu, Y. (2021). Single image dehazing based on weighted variational regularized model. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 104(7), 961-969.

[8]. Zhou, H., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Xuan, M., Jiang, W., & Xiong, H. (2021). Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Based on Modified Dark Channel Prior. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, 104(10), 1758-1761.

[9]. Granell, E., Chammas, E., Likforman-Sulem, L., Martínez-Hinarejos, C. D., Mokbel, C., & Cîrstea, B. I. (2018). Transcription of spanish historical handwritten documents with deep neural networks. Journal of Imaging, 4(1), 15.

[10]. Wang, M., & Deng, W. (2022). Oracle-MNIST: a Realistic Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.09442.

[11]. Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014). Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556.

[12]. Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., ... & Houlsby, N. (2020). An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929.

[13]. Breiman, L. (1996). Bagging predictors. Machine learning, 24, 123-140.

[14]. Zhou, Z. H. (2012). Ensemble methods: foundations and algorithms. CRC press.

[15]. Jiang, W. (2020). MNIST-MIX: a multi-language handwritten digit recognition dataset. IOP SciNotes, 1(2), 025002.

[16]. Jiang, W. (2020, May). Evaluation of deep learning models for Urdu handwritten characters recognition. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1544, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing.

[17]. Jiang, W., & Zhang, L. (2020). Edge-siamnet and edge-triplenet: New deep learning models for handwritten numeral recognition. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 103(3), 720-723.

[18]. Kibriya, H., Rafique, R., Ahmad, W., & Adnan, S. M. (2021, January). Tomato leaf disease detection using convolution neural network. In 2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST) (pp. 346-351). IEEE.

[19]. Flad, R. K. (2008). Divination and power: a multiregional view of the development of oracle bone divination in early China. Current Anthropology, 49(3), 403-437.

[20]. An, S., Lee, M., Park, S., Yang, H., & So, J. (2020). An ensemble of simple convolutional neural network models for MNIST digit recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.10400.

[21]. Jiang, W., & Luo, J. (2022). Graph neural network for traffic forecasting: A survey. Expert Systems with Applications, 117921.

[22]. Jiang, W. (2022). Graph-based deep learning for communication networks: A survey. Computer Communications, 185, 40-54.