A Review on Durability Analysis of FRP Bars based on Different Factors in Alkaline Environment

Research Article
Open access

A Review on Durability Analysis of FRP Bars based on Different Factors in Alkaline Environment

Zhenyao Zhou 1*
  • 1 University of Macau    
  • *corresponding author zhouzhenyao72@gmail.com
Published on 7 November 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/25/20230726
ACE Vol.25
ISSN (Print): 2755-273X
ISSN (Online): 2755-2721
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-071-4
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-072-1

Abstract

The primary issue with concrete structures is steel bar corrosion. Therefore, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bars are often to substitute steel bars to tackle the issue of concrete swelling and cracking brought about by steel corrosion. FRP bars’ feature improved corrosion resistance, a stronger strength-to-quality ratio, and better fatigue resistance. However, the alkaline environment will affect the long-term strength and durability of FRP, according to certain research, which will cause the FRP bars’ mechanical characteristics to deteriorate. In this paper, the properties of FRP bars under alkaline conditions are reviewed, considering the harsh external environment and physical properties of FRP bars. Comprehensive investigation concludes that lowering the PH value of concrete and changing the kind of fiber material may considerably increase the endurance of FRP in alkaline environments. By demonstrating the microscopic breakdown process of FRP bars in an alkaline conditions using scanning electron microscopy. The Arrhenius acceleration theory was used to construct the present model for forecasting the long-term mechanical behavior of FRP bars, which shows how this material degrades under alkaline circumstances. This study may be utilized as a reference for FRP bars used in alkaline environments in terms of durability studies.

Keywords:

FRP bars, durability, alkaline environment, prediction model, tensile strength

Zhou,Z. (2023). A Review on Durability Analysis of FRP Bars based on Different Factors in Alkaline Environment. Applied and Computational Engineering,25,9-15.
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References

[1]. M. Robert, P. Cousin, B. Benmokrane, Durability of GFRP reinforcing bars embedded in moist concrete, J. Compos. Construct. 13 (2) (2009) 66–73.

[2]. Wang W, Xue W. C. Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of tensile properties of GFRP rebars exposed to alkaline solution [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2012,15:760-766.

[3]. Y. Pan, D. Yan, Study on the durability of GFRP bars and carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) bars aged in alkaline solution, Compos. Struct. 261 (2020), 113285.

[4]. M.A. Rifai, H. El-Hassan, T. El-Maaddawy, F. Abed, Durability of basalt FRP reinforcing bars in alkaline solution and moist concrete environments, Constr. Build. Mater. 243 (2020), 118258,

[5]. Hamed Fergani, Benedetti Di, Mias Matteo, Cristina Oller, Cyril Lynsdale, Durability and degradation mechanisms of GFRP reinforcement subjected to severe environments and sustained stress, Construct. Build. Mater. 170 (2018) 637–648.

[6]. Y. Chen, J.F. Davalos, I. Ray, Durability prediction for GFRP reinforcing bars using short-term data of accelerated aging tests, J. Compos. Construct. 10 (4) (2006) 279–286.

[7]. W. Wu, X. He, W. Yang, L. Dai, Y. Wang, J. He, Long-time durability of GFRP bars in the alkaline concrete environment for eight years, Constr. Build. Mater. 314 (2022), 125573.

[8]. A. Manalo, G. Maranan, B. Benmokrane, P. Cousin, O. Alajarmeh, W. Ferdous, R. Liang, G. Hota, Comparative durability of GFRP composite reinforcing bars in concrete and in simulated concrete environments, Cem. Concr. Compos. 109 (2020) 103564,

[9]. B. Benmokrane, M. Hassan, M. Robert, P.V. Vijay, A. Manalo, Effect of different constituent fiber, resin, and sizing combinations on alkaline resistance of basalt, carbon, and glass FRP bars, J. Compos. Construct. 24 (3) (2020) 101–108.

[10]. B. Benmokrane, M. Hassan, M. Robert, P.V. Vijay, A. Manalo, Effect of different constituent fiber, resin, and sizing combinations on alkaline resistance of basalt, carbon, and glass FRP bars, J. Compos. Construct. 24 (3) (2020) 101–108.

[11]. Montaigu M, Robert M, Ahmed E, Benmokrane B. Durability performance of new GFRP dowels for concrete pavement. J Compos Construct 2013;17(2):176–87.

[12]. Guangyan Feng, Deju Zhu, Shuaicheng Guo, Md Zillur Rahman, Zuquan Jin, Caijun Shi. A review on mechanical properties and deterioration mechanisms of FRP bars under severe environmental and loading conditions, Cement and Concrete Composites.134 (2022) 104758.

[13]. W. Nelson, Accelerated Testing: Statistical Models, Test Plans, and Data Analyses, Wiley, New York, 1990.

[14]. K.K. Phani, N.R. Bose, Temperature dependence of hydrothermal ageing of CSMLaminate during water immersion, Compos. Sci. Technol. 29 (2) (1987) 79–87.

[15]. G. Wu, Z.Q. Dong, X. Wang, Y. Zhu, Z.S. Wu, Prediction of long-term performance and durability of BFRP bars under the combined effect of sustained load and corrosive solutions, J. Compos. Construct. 19 (3) (2015), 04014058.

[16]. L.C. Bank, T.R. Gentry, B.P. Thompson, J.S. Russell, A model specification for FRP composites for civil engineering structures, Construct. Build. Mater. 17 (6/7) (2003) 405–437.

[17]. J.F. Davalos, Y. Chen, I. Ray, Long-term durability prediction models for GFRP bars in concrete environment, J. Compos. Mater. 46 (16) (2012) 1899–1914.

[18]. F.E. Tannous, H. Saadatmanesh, Environmental effects on the mechanical properties of E-glass FRP rebars, ACI Mater. J. 95 (1998) 87–100.

[19]. Y. Li, S. Yin, Y. Lu, C. Hu, Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of BFRP bars in coral concrete under high temperature and humidity, Construct. Build. Mater. 259 (2020), 120591.

[20]. Z. Dong, G. Wu, X. L. Zhao, Z. K. Wang, A refined prediction method for the long term performance of BFRP bars serviced in field environments, Construct. Build. Mater. 155 (2017) 1072–1080.


Cite this article

Zhou,Z. (2023). A Review on Durability Analysis of FRP Bars based on Different Factors in Alkaline Environment. Applied and Computational Engineering,25,9-15.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Functional Materials and Civil Engineering

ISBN:978-1-83558-071-4(Print) / 978-1-83558-072-1(Online)
Editor:Bhupesh Kumar
Conference website: https://www.conffmce.org/
Conference date: 26 August 2023
Series: Applied and Computational Engineering
Volume number: Vol.25
ISSN:2755-2721(Print) / 2755-273X(Online)

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References

[1]. M. Robert, P. Cousin, B. Benmokrane, Durability of GFRP reinforcing bars embedded in moist concrete, J. Compos. Construct. 13 (2) (2009) 66–73.

[2]. Wang W, Xue W. C. Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of tensile properties of GFRP rebars exposed to alkaline solution [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2012,15:760-766.

[3]. Y. Pan, D. Yan, Study on the durability of GFRP bars and carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) bars aged in alkaline solution, Compos. Struct. 261 (2020), 113285.

[4]. M.A. Rifai, H. El-Hassan, T. El-Maaddawy, F. Abed, Durability of basalt FRP reinforcing bars in alkaline solution and moist concrete environments, Constr. Build. Mater. 243 (2020), 118258,

[5]. Hamed Fergani, Benedetti Di, Mias Matteo, Cristina Oller, Cyril Lynsdale, Durability and degradation mechanisms of GFRP reinforcement subjected to severe environments and sustained stress, Construct. Build. Mater. 170 (2018) 637–648.

[6]. Y. Chen, J.F. Davalos, I. Ray, Durability prediction for GFRP reinforcing bars using short-term data of accelerated aging tests, J. Compos. Construct. 10 (4) (2006) 279–286.

[7]. W. Wu, X. He, W. Yang, L. Dai, Y. Wang, J. He, Long-time durability of GFRP bars in the alkaline concrete environment for eight years, Constr. Build. Mater. 314 (2022), 125573.

[8]. A. Manalo, G. Maranan, B. Benmokrane, P. Cousin, O. Alajarmeh, W. Ferdous, R. Liang, G. Hota, Comparative durability of GFRP composite reinforcing bars in concrete and in simulated concrete environments, Cem. Concr. Compos. 109 (2020) 103564,

[9]. B. Benmokrane, M. Hassan, M. Robert, P.V. Vijay, A. Manalo, Effect of different constituent fiber, resin, and sizing combinations on alkaline resistance of basalt, carbon, and glass FRP bars, J. Compos. Construct. 24 (3) (2020) 101–108.

[10]. B. Benmokrane, M. Hassan, M. Robert, P.V. Vijay, A. Manalo, Effect of different constituent fiber, resin, and sizing combinations on alkaline resistance of basalt, carbon, and glass FRP bars, J. Compos. Construct. 24 (3) (2020) 101–108.

[11]. Montaigu M, Robert M, Ahmed E, Benmokrane B. Durability performance of new GFRP dowels for concrete pavement. J Compos Construct 2013;17(2):176–87.

[12]. Guangyan Feng, Deju Zhu, Shuaicheng Guo, Md Zillur Rahman, Zuquan Jin, Caijun Shi. A review on mechanical properties and deterioration mechanisms of FRP bars under severe environmental and loading conditions, Cement and Concrete Composites.134 (2022) 104758.

[13]. W. Nelson, Accelerated Testing: Statistical Models, Test Plans, and Data Analyses, Wiley, New York, 1990.

[14]. K.K. Phani, N.R. Bose, Temperature dependence of hydrothermal ageing of CSMLaminate during water immersion, Compos. Sci. Technol. 29 (2) (1987) 79–87.

[15]. G. Wu, Z.Q. Dong, X. Wang, Y. Zhu, Z.S. Wu, Prediction of long-term performance and durability of BFRP bars under the combined effect of sustained load and corrosive solutions, J. Compos. Construct. 19 (3) (2015), 04014058.

[16]. L.C. Bank, T.R. Gentry, B.P. Thompson, J.S. Russell, A model specification for FRP composites for civil engineering structures, Construct. Build. Mater. 17 (6/7) (2003) 405–437.

[17]. J.F. Davalos, Y. Chen, I. Ray, Long-term durability prediction models for GFRP bars in concrete environment, J. Compos. Mater. 46 (16) (2012) 1899–1914.

[18]. F.E. Tannous, H. Saadatmanesh, Environmental effects on the mechanical properties of E-glass FRP rebars, ACI Mater. J. 95 (1998) 87–100.

[19]. Y. Li, S. Yin, Y. Lu, C. Hu, Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of BFRP bars in coral concrete under high temperature and humidity, Construct. Build. Mater. 259 (2020), 120591.

[20]. Z. Dong, G. Wu, X. L. Zhao, Z. K. Wang, A refined prediction method for the long term performance of BFRP bars serviced in field environments, Construct. Build. Mater. 155 (2017) 1072–1080.