Volume 56

This study aims to examine the effects of playing a competitive sport, currently or previously, on self confidence across various individuals, not merely limited to athletes. The research consists of two groups: a control group involving individuals who do not participate in competitive sports and individuals who regularly participate and play one or more competitive sports. In order to measure the level of self confidence, a survey was conducted among around 100 random participants, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale-a 10 items scale to measure self esteem that consists of both positive and negative statements-was utilized to measure the level of self confidence. In order to facilitate the participation and valid response rate of the survey, 4 statements that were relatively unimportant from the Rosenberg scale were taken out for time conserving and convenient purposes. The results indicate that those who are involved in competitive sports tend to show higher self confidence. In contrast, individuals who are not participating in competitive sports reported lower average self confidence scores.

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The present study instantaneously aims at analyzing the themes that have cropped up in the Twitter posts about the Roe v. Wade leaked version and to explore the themes which have cropped up in sampled Twitter data of the leaked version. Data, in this present study, is based on a sample of Twitter tweets on the leaked Roe v.Wade ruling. It identifies themes and emotions within textual data by text mining, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling. These are then incorporated into the MDCOR system, thus making available a fully fledged toolset for large-scale textual data analysis. Results: The findings extract two main theme codes and their sentiment distribution, along with their high-frequency words. The results indicated that the most used keywords were "roevswade," "abortionrights," and "woman." Sentiment analysis shows negative, fear, and sadness as the dominant feelings. Therefore, this study provides a data foundation for investigating the themes emerging in Twitter posts regarding the Roe v. Wade leaked version, able to help enterprises or governments develop intervention strategies and understand public opinion.

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The new National English Curriculum Standards for general senior high schools propose to further promote the development of students' English core accomplishment. As an essential component in English learning, reading ability is the foundation and key to cultivate students' integrative competence, which matches with the cultivation of students' independent learning ability and thinking ability emphasized in English curriculum standards. Mind map as an associative network, is considered an effective reading strategy that enables students to present complex texts in a simple way, further promoting comprehensive understanding. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of using the mind map strategy to improve the reading ability of Chinese EFL students at the senior high school level. This study utilized quantitative analysis in the West Campus of Shijiazhuang No.2 Middle School, with a sample of 40 students from Grade 10 (16 years old). The researcher incorporated proficiency test which include a vocabulary test and a reading test, pre-test, post-test to address the research question quantitatively.

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The mental condition is closely linked with people’s instrumental behavior, which allows us to adapt to the external environment. Rely on the positive valence system, the habits and goal or value seeking behavior is linked with the instrumental behavior and the influence of environmental cues. While depression patients build up an aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer and form a biased emotional state. The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) was influenced by the environment and was reflected in biological chemistry level. Also, in the safety learning and exposure therapy, instrumental behavior has become a fundamental factor of generation of safety signals to help ease fear and anxiety. It makes exposure therapy possible. All of them are revealing that by changing instrumental behavior, it may be able to change patients’ mental condition and contribute to depression therapy. In the future, simple and effective instrumental behavior may be able to get into therapy and recover procedure of all kinds of mental disorders.

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This research study delves thoroughly into the relationship between Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Authoritarian Parenting Style in the setting of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Through comprehensive analysis of relevant literature research, ABA intervention is the practice of applying basic behavioral concepts that have been shown to be effective in changing problematic behaviors and improving adaptive and communicative skills among ASD children. ABA intervention aligns with the key principles of Authoritative Parenting, high expectations, and responsiveness. However, the literature review also reveals the growing discussion that ABA may bring. Scholars with opposing perspectives argue that ABA interventions may potentially undermine the intrinsic motivation of children with ASD symptoms and exacerbate stress; for instance, it may lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Moreover, the universality of the Authoritative Parenting style is questioned due to some evidence showing that its effectiveness and acceptability vary among different cultural and racial groups. The synthesis underscores the necessity for tailoring intervention measures based on the unique needs of ASD children. In the end, we call for a shift in intervention methods for autism towards more personalized and compassionate approaches that respect the diversity of ASD children. This literature review suggests that future intervention methods should focus more on personalization, taking into account the unique needs and backgrounds of children with ASD, such as through customized behavioral intervention plans and family engagement strategies.

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The Silk Road is known as a cross-Eurasian trade route with silk as the most popular goods. There is plenty of research about the Silk Road timeline, routes, goods, merchants, cultural exchange, etc. In a study of different historical materials, records, and excavation evidence in both Chinese and English, some impactful correlations are identified between heqin (和親, “peace through kinship”) and the Silk Road, which is rarely discussed in other research. This work will elaborate in detail that heqin policy during Western Han dynasty contributed to Silk Road trade development accidentally by strengthening Han court’s political stability, offering goods in high demand - silk as annual payments or imperial gifts to Xiongnu (匈奴) and Western Regions (xiyu西域), opening up border markets (guanshi 關市) and facilitating direct connections of Han China with Western regions to build stable trade routes linking China to Western countries, known later as Silk Road.

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This article explores in depth how FDI becomes a key driver of industrialization in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. Through the detailed investigation of these countries for foreign enterprise policy, research found that the construction of protecting the rights and interests of foreign investors of open and transparent investment environment, attract a lot of international capital and advanced technology, can promote the upgrading of industrial transformation in developing countries, accelerate the labor-intensive economy to the development of technology-intensive economy, for the sustainable development of these countries laid a solid foundation. But at the same time, the establishment of foreign enterprises also depends on the attractiveness of national policies to these enterprises, and the direct impact of policies is an important factor in whether foreign enterprises are willing to enter these countries. The establishment of preferential, open and transparent policies for foreign enterprises is an important condition for developing countries to realize industrial transformation by using foreign capital.

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In the study of Japanese history, the problems of the post-bubble economy era are of great research value. In the post-bubble economy, Japan's unemployment and suicide problems have been widely concern by the international community. This paper takes the unemployment and suicide problems in the context of the bubble economy era as the core of the study and thoroughly researches the creation of suicide and unemployment problems in Japan, i.e., the government's reflection, and at the same time, analyzes the relationship between suicide and unemployment. Through a series of research and analysis, this paper concludes that Japan's bubble economy environment led to the rise of the unemployment rate, which led to many unemployed people committing suicide, and the Japanese government has made a series of policies to improve the employment rate to change the suicide problem.

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In this essay, Shintoism will be the main topic to introduce and discuss. Including the origin of Shintoism, the worship of the believers, and the ways it represents Japanese people’s daily lives. According to the research, Shintoism has many branches, and the rituals (“Matsuri” in Japanese) are the main section to introduce. That is why visiting some rituals in person is necessary during the research. From the research, two main shrines will be introduced in the essay and there is a separate part to talk about the real circumstances of what have been seen during the rituals in those two shrines. Nowadays, Shintoism has already become an important thing in this country. Especially those shrines—not only do foreigners choose to visit them, but some local people will also go into shrines to pray or get an “Omamori” to earn good luck.

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This study compares two English language textbooks, PEP Compulsory Education English Textbook Grade 1 (2023) and Power Up (2019) Level 1, to identify shortcomings in the teaching design of second language vocabulary acquisition and suggest improvement. Previous studies suggest that Knowledge Representation performs as the premise of vocabulary acquisition, and two representing approaches, Symbolic Representation and Embodied Representation, are widely used in vocabulary teaching. The derived Multi-modal Learning method, which uses multiple senses to promote memory, has also received attention and has been applied. This point is confirmed in both textbooks. To better study the whole process of vocabulary acquisition pretended in textbooks, this paper moves to Activity Theory, using the model of the Activity Triangle to describe and explain activities. With the method of Textual Analysis, three core elements - Subject, Object, and Community - appear in the same way in textbook use. However, compared to Power Up 1, the PEP textbook exhibits deficiencies in “rule” and “outcome,” leading to suboptimal learning effects. Further research needs to go beyond the text and introduce more methods to investigate the effects of the two textbooks to put forward more practical opinions and suggestions.

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