Causes and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in Light of Genetic and Environmental Influences

Research Article
Open access

Causes and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in Light of Genetic and Environmental Influences

Chang Sun 1* , Wanlin Zhang 2 , Xufan Zhou 3
  • 1 University of California, Davis, Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, Davis, CA 95616, United States    
  • 2 Guangdong Ocean University, Haidu Road, Machang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China    
  • 3 Shenzhen Foreign Language School, Yantian Road, Yantian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China    
  • *corresponding author cfsun@ucdavis.edu
LNEP Vol.7
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-39-3
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-40-9

Abstract

Borderline personality disorder is a common and serious personality disorder, and it has been one of the hotspots of clinical research because of the severe and incurable impairment of social functioning in borderline personality disorder. Based on this issue, this paper summarizes the influencing factors for the formation of bpd through reviewing previous literature, including the intra-individual factors (genetic, biological, gene-environment interaction) and environmental factors (upbringing, parental emotional instability, childhood abuse, low education level, diverse childhood trauma). In addition, relevant treatments including medical and non-medical treatments (psychodynamic therapy, supportive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy) are also discussed. It has been found through research that the etiology of borderline personality disorder is complex, has an extremely profound impact on the patient, and is highly debated in terms of treatment. Some of the current psychotherapeutic methods are more effective, on the basis of which some treatments about medical and pharmacological treatments can be added, or the combination of psychological plus pharmacological dual treatments and the combination of different psychological treatments are necessary for further research in order to obtain better treatment results. The summary in this article is intended to give mental health practitioners some suggestions and inspiration for treating borderline personality disorder.

Keywords:

borderline personality disorder, influencing factors, treatment

Sun,C.;Zhang,W.;Zhou,X. (2023). Causes and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in Light of Genetic and Environmental Influences. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,492-500.
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References

[1]. Duffin, R. J., Schaeffer, A. C. (1952). A class of Nonhaarmonic Fourier serier[J]. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, (72) :341-366

[2]. Daubechies, I., Grossmann, A., Meyer, Y. (1986). Painless nonorthogonal wxpansion[J]. Math. Phys, (27): 1 271 – 1 283.

[3]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM- IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association, 2000

[4]. Lieb, K., Rexhausen, J. E., Kahl, K. G., Schweiger, U., Philipsen, A. , & Hellhammer, D. H., et al. (2004). Increased diurnal salivary cortisol in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research

[5]. Reynolds Caleb J & Tragesser Sarah L.(2019).Borderline Personality Disorder Features Are Associated with Concurrent Pain-Related Disability in a Chronic Pain Sample.. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)(2).

[6]. Benjamin Hankin,Andrea L Barrocas,Jessica Jenness... & Andrew Smolen.(2011).Association between 5-HTTLPR and borderline personality disorder traits among youth. Frontiers in Psychiatry.

[7]. Bukh Jens D,Bock Camilla & Kessing Lars V.(2014).Association between genetic polymorphisms in the serotonergic system and comorbid personality disorders among patients with first-episode depression.. Journal of personality disorders(3). 2000, 47:540-547.

[8]. Ma Hesong. (2016). A study on factors of behavioral control inhibition in borderline personality disorder (Master's thesis, Hebei Normal University).

[9]. Ling Hui, Meng Fanfei, Wang Zhiying, Liu Jiayi, Peng Songli, Wang Hexiang&Zhang Jianren Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (06), 1307-1311

[10]. Zhang Min, Liu Na, Chen Haocheng&Zhang Ning. (2019). Progress in genetics of borderline personality disorder Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (06), 1157-1160+1167

[11]. Chen Cheng, Chen Fangfang&Tao Jinhua. (2022). The relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptoms: a chain mediator between emotional disorders and empathy Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (03), 674-678

[12]. Yu Honghua, Fu Wenqing et al. (2006).A study of childhood trauma in people with type B personality disorder and personality tendencies. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 20, 388-391

[13]. Porter C, Palmier-Claus J, Branitsky A, Mansell W, Warwick H, Varese F. Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020 Jan;141(1):6-20. doi: 10.1111/acps.13118. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31630389.

[14]. Catalan A, Angosto V, Díaz A, Valverde C, de Artaza MG, Sesma E, Maruottolo C, Galletero I, Bustamante S, Bilbao A, van Os J, Gonzalez-Torres MA. Relation between psychotic symptoms, parental care and childhood trauma in severe mental disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2017 May;251:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28189941.

[15]. Peng W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Chu J, Zheng K, Wang J, Wei H, Zhong M, Ling Y, Yi J. Insecure attachment and maladaptive emotion regulation mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality features. Depress Anxiety. 2021 Jan;38(1):28-39. doi: 10.1002/da.23082. Epub 2020 Jul 27. PMID: 32720464.

[16]. Álvarez-Tomás I, Ruiz J, Guilera G, Bados A. Long-term clinical and functional course of borderline personality disorder: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;56:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Dec 24. PMID: 30599336.

[17]. Links PS, Kolla NJ, Guimond T, McMain S. Prospective risk factors for suicide attempts in a treated sample of patients with borderline personality disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;58(2):99-106. doi: 10.1177/070674371305800207. PMID: 23442897.

[18]. Alberdi-Paramo I, Saiz-Gonzalez MD, Diaz-Marsa M, Carrasco-Perera JL. Bullying and childhood trauma events as predictive factors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Mar;285:112730. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112730. Epub 2019 Dec 4. PMID: 31831199.

[19]. Bøen E, Hummelen B, Elvsåshagen T, Boye B, Andersson S, Karterud S, Malt UF. Different impulsivity profiles in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord. 2015 Jan 1;170:104-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.033. Epub 2014 Aug 29. PMID: 25237733.

[20]. Barker V, Romaniuk L, Cardinal RN, Pope M, Nicol K, Hall J. Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med. 2015 Jul;45(9):1955-64. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714003079. Epub 2015 Jan 20. PMID: 25600066.

[21]. Merza K, Papp G, Molnár J, Szabó IK. Characteristics and Development of Nonsuicidal Super Self-Injury among Borderline Inpatients. Psychiatr Danub. 2017 Dec;29(4):480-489. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2017.480. PMID: 29197206.

[22]. Lan T, Jia X, Lin D, Liu X. Stressful Life Events, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 17;10:244. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00244. Erratum in: Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 12;10:685. PMID: 31057441; PMCID: PMC6478804.

[23]. Alharbi R, Varese F, Husain N, Taylor PJ. Posttraumatic stress symptomology and non-suicidal self-injury: The role of intrusion and arousal symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2020 Nov 1;276:920-926. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.084. Epub 2020 Jul 19. PMID: 32739711.

[24]. Vega D, Ripollés P, Soto À, Torrubia R, Ribas J, Monreal JA, Pascual JC, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Marco-Pallarés J. Orbitofrontal overactivation in reward processing in borderline personality disorder: the role of non-suicidal self-injury. Brain Imaging Behav. 2018 Feb;12(1):217-228. doi: 10.1007/s11682-017-9687-x. PMID: 28247156.

[25]. Kernberg, O. F. (1985). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. Rowman & Littlefield.

[26]. Parmar, A., & Kaloiya, G. (2018). Comorbidity of personality disorder among substance use disorder patients: A narrative review. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 40(6), 517-527.

[27]. Stevenson, J., & Meares, R. (1992). An outcome study of psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry.

[28]. Li Jiangxue. (2009). Psychoanalytical research on borderline personality disorder. Abstracts of the 12th National Psychology Academic Conference.

[29]. Leahy, R. L. (2012). Overcoming resistance in cognitive therapy. Guilford Press.

[30]. Linehan, M. M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L. A., Craft, J. C., Kanter, J., & Comtois, K. A. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug-dependence. American Journal on Addictions, 8(4), 279-292.

Cite this article

Sun,C.;Zhang,W.;Zhou,X. (2023). Causes and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in Light of Genetic and Environmental Influences. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,7,492-500.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies (ICIHCS 2022), Part 6

ISBN：978-1-915371-39-3(Print) / 978-1-915371-40-9(Online)
Editor：Muhammad Idrees, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icihcs.org/
Conference date: 18 December 2022
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.7
ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Duffin, R. J., Schaeffer, A. C. (1952). A class of Nonhaarmonic Fourier serier[J]. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, (72) :341-366

[2]. Daubechies, I., Grossmann, A., Meyer, Y. (1986). Painless nonorthogonal wxpansion[J]. Math. Phys, (27): 1 271 – 1 283.

[3]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM- IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association, 2000

[4]. Lieb, K., Rexhausen, J. E., Kahl, K. G., Schweiger, U., Philipsen, A. , & Hellhammer, D. H., et al. (2004). Increased diurnal salivary cortisol in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research

[5]. Reynolds Caleb J & Tragesser Sarah L.(2019).Borderline Personality Disorder Features Are Associated with Concurrent Pain-Related Disability in a Chronic Pain Sample.. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)(2).

[6]. Benjamin Hankin,Andrea L Barrocas,Jessica Jenness... & Andrew Smolen.(2011).Association between 5-HTTLPR and borderline personality disorder traits among youth. Frontiers in Psychiatry.

[7]. Bukh Jens D,Bock Camilla & Kessing Lars V.(2014).Association between genetic polymorphisms in the serotonergic system and comorbid personality disorders among patients with first-episode depression.. Journal of personality disorders(3). 2000, 47:540-547.

[8]. Ma Hesong. (2016). A study on factors of behavioral control inhibition in borderline personality disorder (Master's thesis, Hebei Normal University).

[9]. Ling Hui, Meng Fanfei, Wang Zhiying, Liu Jiayi, Peng Songli, Wang Hexiang&Zhang Jianren Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (06), 1307-1311

[10]. Zhang Min, Liu Na, Chen Haocheng&Zhang Ning. (2019). Progress in genetics of borderline personality disorder Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (06), 1157-1160+1167

[11]. Chen Cheng, Chen Fangfang&Tao Jinhua. (2022). The relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptoms: a chain mediator between emotional disorders and empathy Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology (03), 674-678

[12]. Yu Honghua, Fu Wenqing et al. (2006).A study of childhood trauma in people with type B personality disorder and personality tendencies. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 20, 388-391

[13]. Porter C, Palmier-Claus J, Branitsky A, Mansell W, Warwick H, Varese F. Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020 Jan;141(1):6-20. doi: 10.1111/acps.13118. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31630389.

[14]. Catalan A, Angosto V, Díaz A, Valverde C, de Artaza MG, Sesma E, Maruottolo C, Galletero I, Bustamante S, Bilbao A, van Os J, Gonzalez-Torres MA. Relation between psychotic symptoms, parental care and childhood trauma in severe mental disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2017 May;251:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28189941.

[15]. Peng W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Chu J, Zheng K, Wang J, Wei H, Zhong M, Ling Y, Yi J. Insecure attachment and maladaptive emotion regulation mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality features. Depress Anxiety. 2021 Jan;38(1):28-39. doi: 10.1002/da.23082. Epub 2020 Jul 27. PMID: 32720464.

[16]. Álvarez-Tomás I, Ruiz J, Guilera G, Bados A. Long-term clinical and functional course of borderline personality disorder: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;56:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Dec 24. PMID: 30599336.

[17]. Links PS, Kolla NJ, Guimond T, McMain S. Prospective risk factors for suicide attempts in a treated sample of patients with borderline personality disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;58(2):99-106. doi: 10.1177/070674371305800207. PMID: 23442897.

[18]. Alberdi-Paramo I, Saiz-Gonzalez MD, Diaz-Marsa M, Carrasco-Perera JL. Bullying and childhood trauma events as predictive factors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Mar;285:112730. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112730. Epub 2019 Dec 4. PMID: 31831199.

[19]. Bøen E, Hummelen B, Elvsåshagen T, Boye B, Andersson S, Karterud S, Malt UF. Different impulsivity profiles in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord. 2015 Jan 1;170:104-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.033. Epub 2014 Aug 29. PMID: 25237733.

[20]. Barker V, Romaniuk L, Cardinal RN, Pope M, Nicol K, Hall J. Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med. 2015 Jul;45(9):1955-64. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714003079. Epub 2015 Jan 20. PMID: 25600066.

[21]. Merza K, Papp G, Molnár J, Szabó IK. Characteristics and Development of Nonsuicidal Super Self-Injury among Borderline Inpatients. Psychiatr Danub. 2017 Dec;29(4):480-489. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2017.480. PMID: 29197206.

[22]. Lan T, Jia X, Lin D, Liu X. Stressful Life Events, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 17;10:244. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00244. Erratum in: Front Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 12;10:685. PMID: 31057441; PMCID: PMC6478804.

[23]. Alharbi R, Varese F, Husain N, Taylor PJ. Posttraumatic stress symptomology and non-suicidal self-injury: The role of intrusion and arousal symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2020 Nov 1;276:920-926. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.084. Epub 2020 Jul 19. PMID: 32739711.

[24]. Vega D, Ripollés P, Soto À, Torrubia R, Ribas J, Monreal JA, Pascual JC, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Marco-Pallarés J. Orbitofrontal overactivation in reward processing in borderline personality disorder: the role of non-suicidal self-injury. Brain Imaging Behav. 2018 Feb;12(1):217-228. doi: 10.1007/s11682-017-9687-x. PMID: 28247156.

[25]. Kernberg, O. F. (1985). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. Rowman & Littlefield.

[26]. Parmar, A., & Kaloiya, G. (2018). Comorbidity of personality disorder among substance use disorder patients: A narrative review. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 40(6), 517-527.

[27]. Stevenson, J., & Meares, R. (1992). An outcome study of psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry.

[28]. Li Jiangxue. (2009). Psychoanalytical research on borderline personality disorder. Abstracts of the 12th National Psychology Academic Conference.

[29]. Leahy, R. L. (2012). Overcoming resistance in cognitive therapy. Guilford Press.

[30]. Linehan, M. M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L. A., Craft, J. C., Kanter, J., & Comtois, K. A. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug-dependence. American Journal on Addictions, 8(4), 279-292.

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