The Impact of Nationalism in the 1990s Yugoslav Crisis

Research Article
Open access

The Impact of Nationalism in the 1990s Yugoslav Crisis

Yike Wang 1*
  • 1 Tsinglan School    
  • *corresponding author 20240130@tsinglan.cn
Published on 14 September 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230345
LNEP Vol.8
ISSN (Print): 2753-7056
ISSN (Online): 2753-7048
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-97-3
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-98-0

Abstract

For centuries, the Balkans was the border of the Western world and the Eastern world. It was the region of conflict between large empires; the Byzantine, Ottoman, and Austrian empire set their sight wanting to conquer this area. It gained a nickname for its features, as the “Powder keg of Europe”. Located in the Balkans, Yugoslavia is an ethnically diverse country. Under doctrines and principle of nationalism, ethnical tension within the country grows, and it reached a peak during the Yugoslav Crisis, which atrocities and war crime against humanity were committed. This paper aims to collect and summarize the role of nationalism in the course of the Yugoslav Crisis in the 1990s. It shows that former Yugoslavia’s issue appears to have been resolved. The sole outcome was redrawing the political map based on violence and terror.

Keywords:

Yugoslavia, nationalism, ethnic groups

Wang,Y. (2023). The Impact of Nationalism in the 1990s Yugoslav Crisis. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,8,452-456.
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References

[1]. Poonawala, Jumana. “Yugoslavia: The Inevitable Fragmentation.” Pakistan Horizon 46, no. 1 (1993): 73–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41393413.

[2]. Lampe, John R. “The Failure of the Yugoslav National Idea.” Studies in East European Thought 46, no. 1/2 (1994): 69–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20099533.

[3]. Hasan, Sabiha. “Yugoslavia’s Foreign Policy Under Tito (1945-1980) — II.” Pakistan Horizon 34, no. 4 (1981): 62–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41394138.

[4]. Lukic Tanovic, Mariana & Pasalic, Stevo & Golijanin, Jelena. (2014). Demographic Development of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Ottoman Period Till 1991 and the Modern Demographic Problems. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 120. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.101.

[5]. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), The Referendum on Independence in Bosnia-Herzegovina: February 29-March 1, 1992, Washington D.C. 12 March 1992, 23.

[6]. Bassiouni, Cherif (27 May 1994). “Final Report of the United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) – Annex VI – part 1 – Study of the battle and siege of Sarajevo.

[7]. RISTIC, MIRJANA. “‘Sniper Alley’: The Politics of Urban Violence in the Besieged Sarajevo.” Built Environment (1978-) 40, no. 3 (2014): 342–56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43296901.

[8]. Zekri, Iman, "Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: An Analysis on the Role of the United Nations during the Bosnian War" (2016). UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity. 49.

[9]. Ahmad, Sheila Zulfiqar. “The UN’s Role in the Bosnian Crisis: A Critique.” Pakistan Horizon 51, no. 2 (1998): 83–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41394460.

[10]. Owen, David, ed. Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Vance/Owen Peace Plan. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1gpcb35.

[11]. The United States and Croatia: a Documentary History, 1992-1997. (Printing by USIA Regional Program Office, Vienna) [1997?], 29-37.

[12]. International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Srebrenica Genocide 1995, Timeline of a Genocide, https://www.irmct.org/specials/srebrenica/timeline/en/story.

[13]. “ICTY: The Conflicts”. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 5 August 2013.

[14]. United States Central Intelligence Agency. Dayton Agreement, 24 November: Bosnia and Herzegovina. [Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1995] Map.

[15]. Ramet, S.P. (2002). Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from The Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic, Fourth Edition (4th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429495403.

[16]. Schrock-Jacobson, Gretchen. “The Violent Consequences of the Nation: Nationalism and the Initiation of Interstate War.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 5 (2012): 825–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23414712.

[17]. Powers, Gerard F. “Religion, Conflict and Prospects for Reconciliation in Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia.” Journal of International Affairs 50, no. 1 (1996): 221–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24357411.

[18]. United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslabia, Key Figures of the Cases: The ICTY Indicted 161 Individuals, May 2021, https://www.icty.org/sid/24.


Cite this article

Wang,Y. (2023). The Impact of Nationalism in the 1990s Yugoslav Crisis. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,8,452-456.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Psychology and Humanity Studies

ISBN:978-1-915371-97-3(Print) / 978-1-915371-98-0(Online)
Editor:Muhammad Idrees, Faisalabad Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga
Conference website: https://www.icsphs.org/
Conference date: 24 April 2023
Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Volume number: Vol.8
ISSN:2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

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References

[1]. Poonawala, Jumana. “Yugoslavia: The Inevitable Fragmentation.” Pakistan Horizon 46, no. 1 (1993): 73–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41393413.

[2]. Lampe, John R. “The Failure of the Yugoslav National Idea.” Studies in East European Thought 46, no. 1/2 (1994): 69–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20099533.

[3]. Hasan, Sabiha. “Yugoslavia’s Foreign Policy Under Tito (1945-1980) — II.” Pakistan Horizon 34, no. 4 (1981): 62–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41394138.

[4]. Lukic Tanovic, Mariana & Pasalic, Stevo & Golijanin, Jelena. (2014). Demographic Development of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Ottoman Period Till 1991 and the Modern Demographic Problems. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 120. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.101.

[5]. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), The Referendum on Independence in Bosnia-Herzegovina: February 29-March 1, 1992, Washington D.C. 12 March 1992, 23.

[6]. Bassiouni, Cherif (27 May 1994). “Final Report of the United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) – Annex VI – part 1 – Study of the battle and siege of Sarajevo.

[7]. RISTIC, MIRJANA. “‘Sniper Alley’: The Politics of Urban Violence in the Besieged Sarajevo.” Built Environment (1978-) 40, no. 3 (2014): 342–56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43296901.

[8]. Zekri, Iman, "Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: An Analysis on the Role of the United Nations during the Bosnian War" (2016). UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity. 49.

[9]. Ahmad, Sheila Zulfiqar. “The UN’s Role in the Bosnian Crisis: A Critique.” Pakistan Horizon 51, no. 2 (1998): 83–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41394460.

[10]. Owen, David, ed. Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Vance/Owen Peace Plan. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1gpcb35.

[11]. The United States and Croatia: a Documentary History, 1992-1997. (Printing by USIA Regional Program Office, Vienna) [1997?], 29-37.

[12]. International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Srebrenica Genocide 1995, Timeline of a Genocide, https://www.irmct.org/specials/srebrenica/timeline/en/story.

[13]. “ICTY: The Conflicts”. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 5 August 2013.

[14]. United States Central Intelligence Agency. Dayton Agreement, 24 November: Bosnia and Herzegovina. [Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1995] Map.

[15]. Ramet, S.P. (2002). Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from The Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic, Fourth Edition (4th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429495403.

[16]. Schrock-Jacobson, Gretchen. “The Violent Consequences of the Nation: Nationalism and the Initiation of Interstate War.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 5 (2012): 825–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23414712.

[17]. Powers, Gerard F. “Religion, Conflict and Prospects for Reconciliation in Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia.” Journal of International Affairs 50, no. 1 (1996): 221–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24357411.

[18]. United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslabia, Key Figures of the Cases: The ICTY Indicted 161 Individuals, May 2021, https://www.icty.org/sid/24.