Nature vs. Nurture: In What Ways Do Genetic Factors and Environmental Factors Play a Role in the Causation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Wenjun Liu

doi:10.54254/2753-7048/12/20230794

Research Article

Open access

Published on 26 October 2023

Download pdf

Liu,W. (2023). Nature vs. Nurture: In What Ways Do Genetic Factors and Environmental Factors Play a Role in the Causation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,12,124-130.

Export citation

Nature vs. Nurture: In What Ways Do Genetic Factors and Environmental Factors Play a Role in the Causation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Wenjun Liu *^,1,

¹ YKPAO High School

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/12/20230794

Abstract

This paper reviews the studies and other literature on genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the causation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The CTSC and belief and appraisal model are two popular explanations for OCD. This research found that OCD is a familial disorder, genetics affect childhood-onset OCD more than adults, and genetic factors play a more significant role in causing obsessive symptoms. Environmental factors are explored based on five learning experiences concluded as the origin of inflated responsibility in patients, parental rearing styles, and stressful or traumatic events likely to correlate with OCD. The gene-environmental interactions are complicated, and future research is needed.

Keywords

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), causation, genetic factors, learning experiences, inflated responsibility

View pdf

References

[1]. Pauls, D. L., Abramovitch, A., Rauch, S. L., Geller, D. A. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 15(6), 410-424.

[2]. Taylor, S., Abramowitz, J. S., McKay, D. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Models of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In M. M. Antony, C. Purdon, & L. J. Summerfeldt (Eds.), Psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Fundamentals and beyond. American Psychological Association. pp. 9–29.

[3]. Salkovskis, P . M. (1985). Obsessional—compulsive problems: A cognitive—behavioural analysis. Behaviour Researchand Therapy, 25: 571-583.

[4]. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC, pp. 235-264.

[5]. Hezel, D. M., McNally, R. J. (2016). A Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive?compulsive disorder. Biological Psychology, 121.

[6]. Saxena, S., & Rauch, S. L. (2000). Functional Neuroimaging and the Neuroanatomy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(3): 563–586.

[7]. Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35:667-681.

[8]. Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35: 793-802.

[9]. Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, et al. (2000). A Family Study of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57(4): 358-363.

[10]. Grisham, R. J., Anderson, M. T., Sachdev, S. P. (2008). Genetic and environmental influences on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 258:107-116.

[11]. Mahjani B, Bey K, Boberg J, Burton C (2021). Genetics of obsessive- compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 51: 2247-2259.

[12]. Brander, G., Pérez-Vigil, A., Larsson, H., Mataix-Cols, D. (2016). Systematic review of environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A proposed roadmap from association to causation. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 65: 36-62.

[13]. Iervolino, A. C., Rijsdijk, F. V., Cherkas, L., Fullana, M. A., Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). A Multivariate Twin Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(6): 637-644.

[14]. Cath, D.C., van Grootheest, D.S., Willemsen, G. (2008) Environmental Factors in Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior: Evidence from Discordant and Concordant Monozygotic Twins. Behav Genet, 38: 1-13.

[15]. Saraiva, L. C., Cappi, C., Simpson, H. B., Stein, D. J., Viswanath, B., van den Heuvel, O. A., Reddy, Y. J., Miguel, E. C., & Shavitt, R. G. (2020). Cutting-edge genetics in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Faculty reviews, 9: 30.

[16]. Welch, J. M. , Lu, J. , Rodriguiz, R. M. , Trotta, N. C. , Peca, J. , Ding, J. , Feliciano, C. , Chen, M. , Adams, J. P. , Luo, J. , Dudek, S. M. , Weinberg, R. J. , Calakos, N. , Wetsel, W. C., Feng, G. (2007). Nature, 448 (7156): 894-900.

[17]. Shafran, R. (2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Models of OCD. In: Abramowitz, J.S., Houts, A.C. (eds) Concepts and Controversies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Series in Anxiety and Related Disorders. Springer, Boston.

[18]. Browne, H. A., Gair, S. L., Scharf, J. M., Grice, D. E. (2015). Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders. NIH Public Access.

Cite this article

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Educational Innovation and Philosophical Inquiries

Conference website: https://www.iceipi.org/

ISBN：978-1-83558-049-3(Print) / 978-1-83558-050-9(Online)

Conference date: 7 August 2023

Editor：Javier Cifuentes-Faura, Enrique Mallen

Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media

Volume number: Vol.12

ISSN：2753-7048(Print) / 2753-7056(Online)

© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open access policy for details).