Volume 2

Scientific research is increasingly showing the drawbacks and potential ill effects of zero tolerance policies on students. This article presents criticisms of the zero tolerance policy in four main areas: ambiguous definitions, exaggerated claims, abuses, and harmfulness. There is also a serious disparity in the treatment of racially diverse students under zero tolerance policies. It is important that schools that are still using punitive policies such as zero tolerance policies pay attention to these voices of accusation and make some adjustments in the context of the school. These criticisms and recommendations are intended to create a healthy and harmonious campus environment and to promote the physical and mental development of students.

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In contemporary society, men gradually increase their demand for shavers to keep their faces clean. Women also seem to pursue long hair by using a wig or artificial hair integrations. So, this paper will analyze these phenomena by studying the role of male beard and female long hair in mating selection from an evolutionary psychology perspective. This work is largely based on empirical evidence, previous studies , and relevant theories (such as short- and long-term mating strategies, parental investment theory, and good genes theory) to verify the hypotheses and generate the results. Unlike our initial assumptions, the result shows that women prefer men with beards in short-term relationships and men without beards in long-term relationships. The results also indicated that men prefer long-haired women more in long-term relationships while not having any preference for long-haired women in short-term relationships.

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Inequality in education occurs in many countries and regions, and it has not been addressed strongly and effectively. In China, education faces many challenges, particularly in relation to gender inequality. Firstly, the article analyses and summarises the current state of gender inequality, pointing out that women in China have significantly fewer years of education than men, and that the contrast between urban and rural areas of China is more pronounced. Secondly, the paper will also find that women have lower enrolment rates and less access to further education, both at the compulsory primary level and at the tertiary level. Thirdly, the article will try to explore three potential causes of this phenomenon in light of the existing inequalities in China. The potential causes of these inequalities are explored in depth from the influence of the Confucian culture's notion of male superiority over females found in historical and cultural contexts, from family factors such as parents' perceptions of educational investment and family composition structures that exert an unequal effect on girls' education, and from age and educational attainment biases against women found in traditional Chinese concepts of marriage, respectively. The issue of gender inequality in education needs to be given attention and the potential influencing factors need to be analysed, especially with regard to the unfair treatment of female education.

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The key competences of the history is one of the important conditions for cultivating values, and it plays an extremely important guiding role in history. This study narrates the key competences of history from three aspects: connotation, value and cultivation path. In terms of connotation, it includes five aspects: historical materialism, time-space view, historical evidence, historical interpretation andpatriotism. As far as the value is concerned, the key competences of the history has three values: shaping the values, promoting teaching optimization and perfecting the evaluation system. In terms of training methods, the government should make relevant macro-adjustments, and implement the cultivation of the key competences of the history in all province and city. Teachers should break through their own emotions and change the innovative teaching model. Students' self-understanding and cognition of historical participation strengthen the cooperation among groups. Through the study of the key competences of history, the key competences of history not only helps students to deepen their understanding of history and improve the teaching quality of course, but also makes the whole history evaluation system tend to be perfect, thus deepening the historical significance.

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Private tutoring, also known as shadow education, is an increasingly evident system in a wide range of social environment. Previous scholars have regarded it as a derivative from mainstream education designed to enhance students’ academic performance and as an institution creating social inequality. Although the researches on the new area have increased and been valued, this area is still in its infancy, especially at the level of geographic coverage. Therefore, the paper exams the status quo of shadow education in China where few relevant studies have been conducted, mainly discussing the positive functions of emerging private tutoring which includes upward mobility and division of labor. The author further contends that the negative implications are not simply caused by shadow education, but are still embedded in the competitive education system dominated by high-stake examinations and lacking personal service.

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Nowadays, mathematics anxiety of adolescents is a common problem in the field of education, but serious mathematics anxiety will have a negative impact on the physical and mental development and academic progress of adolescents . Therefore, this study will analyze and summarize relevant literature on math anxiety, and explore the influencing factors and intervention measures of math anxiety from the aspects of individuals, families and schools. In terms of influencing factors, individuals (gender difference, learning style and personal motivation), families (parent-child relationship and parenting style) and schools (internal school atmosphere and teachers' teaching strategies) will have an impact on math anxiety. Then, this study put forward the corresponding intervention measures for the influencing factors mentioned above. Firstly, in the aspect of individual, cognitive behavioral therapy, intensive breathing training and expressive writing can be used to effectively interfere with teenagers' mathematical anxiety. Secondly, for the math anxiety caused by family reasons, by carrying out math practice activities based on father-son relationship, parents can give their children more full academic support, which can effectively reduce the math anxiety level. Thirdly, from the point of view of schools and teachers, we can effectively intervene the math anxiety level of teenagers by changing the learning environment of students. Finally, the paper also points out the shortcomings and limitations of the existing research, which provides sufficient theoretical support and help for the future comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the overall structure of mathematical anxiety and effective improvement of mathematical anxiety.

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Cultural diversity is endorsed by many educators as a major teaching concept due to its significance for the achievement of social equity in education. Recently, the use of picture books to promote cultural diversity has become a trend in early-childhood education. This study examines the attitudes of Chinese preschool teachers toward using picture books to teach topics related to cultural diversity, and their reported practices. Seven preschool teachers from four institutions in Shanghai, China, were surveyed, with three key findings. 1) Teachers interpret cultural diversity in a narrow way, and are usually unaware that they are teaching the concept; 2) Teachers adopt a multifaceted approach to selecting the picture books used for teaching cultural diversity, and see the illustrations as the most important criteria; 3) Teachers often supplement the reading of picture books with their experiences. These results have important implications for preschool teachers, curriculum designers, and organizations that provide training to pre- and in-service early-childhood educators.

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Fascism and ultra-nationalism are closely related, and while fascism absorbs ultra-nationalism, it is also different from it. Leaders played an important role in the transition from ultra-nationalism to fascism and the construction of fascism. The police order is a characteristic of fascism and a bridge between ultra-nationalism and fascism. By comparing the specific cases of German Nazis and Israel under the Religious Zionist Party and New Right, the key difference between fascism and ultra-nationalism is reflected in many aspects. This work will provide a new interpretation path for the integration and comparison of fascism and ultra-nationalism. As well as reference and inspiration for future research on the influence of leaders, ideologies and systems on the historical path of regime change and hierarchical order.

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Misogyny, which refers to the misrepresentation and degrading of women as reflected in an aversion to femininity, feminism, and things associated with women, is an important maintenance of the patriarchy society. Misogyny is described as a disease in Chinese, however, granted that the translation describes it as something needed to be correct, East Asia cultural circle as a whole oftentimes neglect the importance of it since women get so used to being treat in a misogynistic manner by both men and women even though it could be the main source of threat to women’s right in the workplace and homestead. The fact that women are also susceptible to misogyny making it unnoticeable is worth to research as this type of misogyny between women is the advance version of the reproductive competition driven by natural desire, however, circumventing is type of same-sex loath is possible, and beneficial to gender equality. To this end, searching for the manifestation of misogyny existing in the same-sex relationship is one of the biggest targets of this paper as well. Inspired by the motive of Tomohiro Kato for executing the Akihabara Massacre, this paper was written in attempt to answer serval questions of why both men and women are susceptible to misogyny; why misogyny is so entrenching; how does misogony pass on from parents to daughters; what are the manifestation of misogyny in literatures; how to get rid of misogyny or make it less susceptible.

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The present study adopts the priming word-judging paradigm to investigate whether the critical period will influence radical and lexical tone awareness during the bilinguals' Chinese character recognition. Two types of bilinguals (simultaneous and sequential bilinguals) will be recruited as participants in the present study. The different features between these two types of participants are used to test the influence of the critical period. Through a Chinese character decision task experiment, we hypothesis that the critical period will influence the semantic radical and lexical tone awareness while processing the Chinese characters of bilinguals. In addition, this study will provide some advice to learning Chinese characters in second language acquisition.

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