Hypotheses for the ‘Dyslexia Signal’: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia

Research Article
Open access

Hypotheses for the ‘Dyslexia Signal’: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia

Yujia He 1
  • 1 Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China, 321004    
  • *corresponding author
Published on 28 April 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/4/20220636
TNS Vol.4
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-27-0
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-28-7

Abstract

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities, yet its brain basis and core causes are not yet fully understood. MRI studies commonly demonstrate hypoactivation in left-hemispheric temporo-parietal, occipito-temporal, and inferior frontal networks, along with hyperactivation in corresponding right-hemispheric regions. Based on the recent 15 years of brain imaging researches, this paper proposes three hypotheses about the causes of the activation difference in Dyslexia, analyzes how recent researches support these hypotheses, and draws a conclusion that the three hypotheses have a fusion trend to a certain extent, which can provide possible directions for future studies.

Keywords:

compensatory hypothesis, activation pattern, etiological hypothesis, potential hypothesis, Dyslexia

He,Y. (2023). Hypotheses for the ‘Dyslexia Signal’: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,492-497.
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References

[1]. Elizabeth S Norton, Sara D Beach, &John DE Gabrieli. (2015).Neurobiology of dyslexia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 30:73–78

[2]. Robert F. Dougherty, Michal Ben-Shachar, Gayle K. Deutsch, Arvel Hernandez, Glenn R. Fox, & Brian A. Wandell. (2007).Temporal-callosal pathway diffusivity predicts phonological skills in children.PNAS,104(20): 8556–8561.

[3]. Fumiko Hoeft, Bruce D. McCandliss, Jessica M. Black, Alexander Gantman, Nahal Zakerani, Charles Hulme, Heikki Lyytinen, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Gary H. Glover, Allan L. Reiss, & John D. E. Gabrieli. (2011).Neural systems predicting long-term out come in dyslexia.PNAS,108(1):361–366.

[4]. Spironelli, C., Penolazzi, B., Vio, C., & Angrilli, A. (2010). Cortical reorganization in dyslexic children after phonological training: Evidence from early evoked potentials. Brain, 133:3385–3395

[5]. Simos, P. G., Fletcher, J. M., Bergman, E., Breier, J. I., Foorman, B. R., Castillo, E. M., et al. (2002). Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology, 58:1203–1213.

[6]. [6]Specht K, Hugdahl K, Ofte S, Nygard M, Bjornerud A, Plante E, Helland T.(2009). Brain activation on pre-reading tasks reveals at-risk status for dyslexia in 6-year-old children. Scand JPsychol,50:79–91.

[7]. Bach S, Richardson U, Brandeis D, Martin E, Brem S. (2013).Print specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade. Neuroimage,82:605–616

[8]. Vandermosten M, Vanderauwera, J., Theys, C., De Vos, A., Vanvooren, S., Sunaert, S., Wouters, J.,Ghesquière, P. A.(2015). DTI tractography study in pre-readers at risk for dyslexia. Dev Cogn Neurosci,14:8–15.

[9]. Langer N, Peysakhovich B, Zuk J, Drottar M, Sliva DD, Smith S, Becker B, Grant E, Gaab, N. White matter alterations in infants at risk for developmental dyslexia. Cereb Cortex. In press

[10]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PHT, Richardson U, Lyytinen H.(2001) Event-related potentials and consonant differentiation in newborns with familial risk for dyslexia. J Learn Disabil, 34:534–544.

[11]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PH, Poikkeus AM, Eklund KM, Lyytinen P, Lyytinen H.(2005) Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured at birth predict later language development in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Cortex,41:291–303

[12]. Hoeft F, Meyler A, Hernandez A, Juel C, Taylor-Hill H, Martindale JL, McMillon G, Kolchugina G, Black JM, Faizi A et al.(2007).Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,104:4234-4239


Cite this article

He,Y. (2023). Hypotheses for the ‘Dyslexia Signal’: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,492-497.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed 2022), Part II

ISBN:978-1-915371-27-0(Print) / 978-1-915371-28-7(Online)
Editor:Gary Royle, Steven M. Lipkin
Conference website: http://www.icbiomed.org
Conference date: 7 November 2022
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.4
ISSN:2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Elizabeth S Norton, Sara D Beach, &John DE Gabrieli. (2015).Neurobiology of dyslexia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 30:73–78

[2]. Robert F. Dougherty, Michal Ben-Shachar, Gayle K. Deutsch, Arvel Hernandez, Glenn R. Fox, & Brian A. Wandell. (2007).Temporal-callosal pathway diffusivity predicts phonological skills in children.PNAS,104(20): 8556–8561.

[3]. Fumiko Hoeft, Bruce D. McCandliss, Jessica M. Black, Alexander Gantman, Nahal Zakerani, Charles Hulme, Heikki Lyytinen, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Gary H. Glover, Allan L. Reiss, & John D. E. Gabrieli. (2011).Neural systems predicting long-term out come in dyslexia.PNAS,108(1):361–366.

[4]. Spironelli, C., Penolazzi, B., Vio, C., & Angrilli, A. (2010). Cortical reorganization in dyslexic children after phonological training: Evidence from early evoked potentials. Brain, 133:3385–3395

[5]. Simos, P. G., Fletcher, J. M., Bergman, E., Breier, J. I., Foorman, B. R., Castillo, E. M., et al. (2002). Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology, 58:1203–1213.

[6]. [6]Specht K, Hugdahl K, Ofte S, Nygard M, Bjornerud A, Plante E, Helland T.(2009). Brain activation on pre-reading tasks reveals at-risk status for dyslexia in 6-year-old children. Scand JPsychol,50:79–91.

[7]. Bach S, Richardson U, Brandeis D, Martin E, Brem S. (2013).Print specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade. Neuroimage,82:605–616

[8]. Vandermosten M, Vanderauwera, J., Theys, C., De Vos, A., Vanvooren, S., Sunaert, S., Wouters, J.,Ghesquière, P. A.(2015). DTI tractography study in pre-readers at risk for dyslexia. Dev Cogn Neurosci,14:8–15.

[9]. Langer N, Peysakhovich B, Zuk J, Drottar M, Sliva DD, Smith S, Becker B, Grant E, Gaab, N. White matter alterations in infants at risk for developmental dyslexia. Cereb Cortex. In press

[10]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PHT, Richardson U, Lyytinen H.(2001) Event-related potentials and consonant differentiation in newborns with familial risk for dyslexia. J Learn Disabil, 34:534–544.

[11]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PH, Poikkeus AM, Eklund KM, Lyytinen P, Lyytinen H.(2005) Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured at birth predict later language development in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Cortex,41:291–303

[12]. Hoeft F, Meyler A, Hernandez A, Juel C, Taylor-Hill H, Martindale JL, McMillon G, Kolchugina G, Black JM, Faizi A et al.(2007).Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,104:4234-4239