References
[1]. Elizabeth S Norton, Sara D Beach, &John DE Gabrieli. (2015).Neurobiology of dyslexia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 30:73–78
[2]. Robert F. Dougherty, Michal Ben-Shachar, Gayle K. Deutsch, Arvel Hernandez, Glenn R. Fox, & Brian A. Wandell. (2007).Temporal-callosal pathway diffusivity predicts phonological skills in children.PNAS,104(20): 8556–8561.
[3]. Fumiko Hoeft, Bruce D. McCandliss, Jessica M. Black, Alexander Gantman, Nahal Zakerani, Charles Hulme, Heikki Lyytinen, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Gary H. Glover, Allan L. Reiss, & John D. E. Gabrieli. (2011).Neural systems predicting long-term out come in dyslexia.PNAS,108(1):361–366.
[4]. Spironelli, C., Penolazzi, B., Vio, C., & Angrilli, A. (2010). Cortical reorganization in dyslexic children after phonological training: Evidence from early evoked potentials. Brain, 133:3385–3395
[5]. Simos, P. G., Fletcher, J. M., Bergman, E., Breier, J. I., Foorman, B. R., Castillo, E. M., et al. (2002). Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology, 58:1203–1213.
[6]. [6]Specht K, Hugdahl K, Ofte S, Nygard M, Bjornerud A, Plante E, Helland T.(2009). Brain activation on pre-reading tasks reveals at-risk status for dyslexia in 6-year-old children. Scand JPsychol,50:79–91.
[7]. Bach S, Richardson U, Brandeis D, Martin E, Brem S. (2013).Print specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade. Neuroimage,82:605–616
[8]. Vandermosten M, Vanderauwera, J., Theys, C., De Vos, A., Vanvooren, S., Sunaert, S., Wouters, J.,Ghesquière, P. A.(2015). DTI tractography study in pre-readers at risk for dyslexia. Dev Cogn Neurosci,14:8–15.
[9]. Langer N, Peysakhovich B, Zuk J, Drottar M, Sliva DD, Smith S, Becker B, Grant E, Gaab, N. White matter alterations in infants at risk for developmental dyslexia. Cereb Cortex. In press
[10]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PHT, Richardson U, Lyytinen H.(2001) Event-related potentials and consonant differentiation in newborns with familial risk for dyslexia. J Learn Disabil, 34:534–544.
[11]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PH, Poikkeus AM, Eklund KM, Lyytinen P, Lyytinen H.(2005) Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured at birth predict later language development in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Cortex,41:291–303
[12]. Hoeft F, Meyler A, Hernandez A, Juel C, Taylor-Hill H, Martindale JL, McMillon G, Kolchugina G, Black JM, Faizi A et al.(2007).Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,104:4234-4239
Cite this article
He,Y. (2023). Hypotheses for the ‘Dyslexia Signal’: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,492-497.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. Elizabeth S Norton, Sara D Beach, &John DE Gabrieli. (2015).Neurobiology of dyslexia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 30:73–78
[2]. Robert F. Dougherty, Michal Ben-Shachar, Gayle K. Deutsch, Arvel Hernandez, Glenn R. Fox, & Brian A. Wandell. (2007).Temporal-callosal pathway diffusivity predicts phonological skills in children.PNAS,104(20): 8556–8561.
[3]. Fumiko Hoeft, Bruce D. McCandliss, Jessica M. Black, Alexander Gantman, Nahal Zakerani, Charles Hulme, Heikki Lyytinen, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Gary H. Glover, Allan L. Reiss, & John D. E. Gabrieli. (2011).Neural systems predicting long-term out come in dyslexia.PNAS,108(1):361–366.
[4]. Spironelli, C., Penolazzi, B., Vio, C., & Angrilli, A. (2010). Cortical reorganization in dyslexic children after phonological training: Evidence from early evoked potentials. Brain, 133:3385–3395
[5]. Simos, P. G., Fletcher, J. M., Bergman, E., Breier, J. I., Foorman, B. R., Castillo, E. M., et al. (2002). Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology, 58:1203–1213.
[6]. [6]Specht K, Hugdahl K, Ofte S, Nygard M, Bjornerud A, Plante E, Helland T.(2009). Brain activation on pre-reading tasks reveals at-risk status for dyslexia in 6-year-old children. Scand JPsychol,50:79–91.
[7]. Bach S, Richardson U, Brandeis D, Martin E, Brem S. (2013).Print specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade. Neuroimage,82:605–616
[8]. Vandermosten M, Vanderauwera, J., Theys, C., De Vos, A., Vanvooren, S., Sunaert, S., Wouters, J.,Ghesquière, P. A.(2015). DTI tractography study in pre-readers at risk for dyslexia. Dev Cogn Neurosci,14:8–15.
[9]. Langer N, Peysakhovich B, Zuk J, Drottar M, Sliva DD, Smith S, Becker B, Grant E, Gaab, N. White matter alterations in infants at risk for developmental dyslexia. Cereb Cortex. In press
[10]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PHT, Richardson U, Lyytinen H.(2001) Event-related potentials and consonant differentiation in newborns with familial risk for dyslexia. J Learn Disabil, 34:534–544.
[11]. Guttorm TK, Leppanen PH, Poikkeus AM, Eklund KM, Lyytinen P, Lyytinen H.(2005) Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured at birth predict later language development in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Cortex,41:291–303
[12]. Hoeft F, Meyler A, Hernandez A, Juel C, Taylor-Hill H, Martindale JL, McMillon G, Kolchugina G, Black JM, Faizi A et al.(2007).Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,104:4234-4239