A Review on the Ethical Issues in Neurotechnology

Research Article
Open access

A Review on the Ethical Issues in Neurotechnology

Yang Wu 1*
  • 1 High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100097, China    
  • *corresponding author Yang_Wu2023fall@163.com
Published on 28 April 2023 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/4/20220689
TNS Vol.4
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-27-0
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-28-7

Abstract

Neurotechnology is rapidly evolving and there have been great advances in medical treatment, including some neurology and psychiatry disorders. Many people have been given new lifesaving treatments which help relieve their suffering. As the capabilities and applications of neurological devices have evolved, attention has been drawn to potential ethical challenges related to agency, identity, privacy, equality, regulation, and justice. This paper reviews and summarizes the current exploration of the ethical issues in neurotechnology, especially from the aspects of privacy and identity. It assesses the key methodological and ethical challenges associated with neurotechnology for today. In particular, it suggests what safeguards should be implemented in the field to reduce the concern about ethical issues.

Keywords:

ethical issues, neurotechnology, privacy, identity

Wu,Y. (2023). A Review on the Ethical Issues in Neurotechnology. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,708-712.
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References

[1]. Roelfsema, P. R., Denys, D., Klink, P. C. (2018) Mind Reading and Writing: The Future of Neurotechnology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(7), 598–610. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.001

[2]. Piwek, L., Ellis D. A., Andrews S., Joinson A. (2016) The rise of consumer health wearables: Promise and barriers.PLoS Medicine, 13(2):e1001953. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001953.

[3]. Christen, M., Muller S. (2017) The ethics of expanding applications of deep brain stimulation. New York: The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics

[4]. Wexler, A. (2016) A pragmatic analysis of the regulation of consumer transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) devices in the United States. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 2(3):669–96. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv039

[5]. Isaak, J., Hanna, M. J. (2018) "User Data Privacy: Facebook, Cambridge Analytica, and Privacy Protection," in Computer, 51(8), 56-59. doi: 10.1109/MC.2018.3191268.

[6]. Ienca, M., Haselager, P., Emanuel, E. J. (2018) Brain leaks and consumer neurotechnology. Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 805–810. doi:10.1038/nbt.4240.

[7]. Bonaci, T. (2017) in USENIX Enigma (Oakland, CA; 2017). https://www.usenix.org/conference/enigma2017

[8]. Nishimoto, S. et al. (2011) Curr. Biol. 21, 1641–1646

[9]. Ienca, M., Ignatiadis, K. (2020) Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience: Methodological and Ethical Challenges. AJOB Neuroscience, 11(2), 77-87. doi:10.1080/21507740.2020.174

[10]. Ienca, M., Haselager, P., & Emanuel, E. J. (2018). Brain leaks and consumer neurotechnology. Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 805–810. doi:10.1038/nbt.4240

[11]. Grush, L. Those 'mind-reading' EEG headsets definitely can't read your thoughts: What EEG can and can't do (2016). https://www.theverge.com/2016/1/12/10754436/commercial-eeg-headsets-video-games-mind-control-technology

[12]. Gilbert, F., Goddard, E., Viaña, J. N. M., Carter, A., Horne, M. (2017) I Miss Being Me: Phenomenological Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation, AJOB Neuroscience, 8:2, 96-109, DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2017.1320319

[13]. Volkmann, J., Daniels, C., Witt, K. (2010) Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 6(9):487–98

[14]. Haan, S. D., Rietveld E., Stokhof, M., Denys, D. (2015). Effects of deep brain stimulation on the lived experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: In-depth interviews with 18 patients. PLoS ONE 10 (8):e0135524. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.01355

[15]. Klein, E., Goering, S., Gagne, J., Shea, C. V., Franklin, R., Zorowitz, S., … Widge, A. S. (2016) Brain-computer interface-based control of closed-loop brain stimulation: attitudes and ethical considerations. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 3(3), 140-148. doi:10.1080/2326263x.2016.1207

[16]. Mendelsohn D, Lipsman N, Bernstein M. Neurosurgeons’ perspectives on psychosurgery and neuroenhancement: a qualitative study at one center: clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2010;113:1212–1218.

[17]. Mayo Clinic. Deep brain stimulation. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/deep-brain-stimulation/about/pac-20384562.

[18]. Pham, U., Solbakk, A. K., Skogseid, I. M., et al. (2015). Personality changes after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Disease 2015: article 490507. doi:10.1155/2015/490507


Cite this article

Wu,Y. (2023). A Review on the Ethical Issues in Neurotechnology. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,708-712.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed 2022), Part II

ISBN:978-1-915371-27-0(Print) / 978-1-915371-28-7(Online)
Editor:Gary Royle, Steven M. Lipkin
Conference website: http://www.icbiomed.org
Conference date: 7 November 2022
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.4
ISSN:2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Roelfsema, P. R., Denys, D., Klink, P. C. (2018) Mind Reading and Writing: The Future of Neurotechnology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(7), 598–610. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.001

[2]. Piwek, L., Ellis D. A., Andrews S., Joinson A. (2016) The rise of consumer health wearables: Promise and barriers.PLoS Medicine, 13(2):e1001953. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001953.

[3]. Christen, M., Muller S. (2017) The ethics of expanding applications of deep brain stimulation. New York: The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics

[4]. Wexler, A. (2016) A pragmatic analysis of the regulation of consumer transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) devices in the United States. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 2(3):669–96. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv039

[5]. Isaak, J., Hanna, M. J. (2018) "User Data Privacy: Facebook, Cambridge Analytica, and Privacy Protection," in Computer, 51(8), 56-59. doi: 10.1109/MC.2018.3191268.

[6]. Ienca, M., Haselager, P., Emanuel, E. J. (2018) Brain leaks and consumer neurotechnology. Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 805–810. doi:10.1038/nbt.4240.

[7]. Bonaci, T. (2017) in USENIX Enigma (Oakland, CA; 2017). https://www.usenix.org/conference/enigma2017

[8]. Nishimoto, S. et al. (2011) Curr. Biol. 21, 1641–1646

[9]. Ienca, M., Ignatiadis, K. (2020) Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience: Methodological and Ethical Challenges. AJOB Neuroscience, 11(2), 77-87. doi:10.1080/21507740.2020.174

[10]. Ienca, M., Haselager, P., & Emanuel, E. J. (2018). Brain leaks and consumer neurotechnology. Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 805–810. doi:10.1038/nbt.4240

[11]. Grush, L. Those 'mind-reading' EEG headsets definitely can't read your thoughts: What EEG can and can't do (2016). https://www.theverge.com/2016/1/12/10754436/commercial-eeg-headsets-video-games-mind-control-technology

[12]. Gilbert, F., Goddard, E., Viaña, J. N. M., Carter, A., Horne, M. (2017) I Miss Being Me: Phenomenological Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation, AJOB Neuroscience, 8:2, 96-109, DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2017.1320319

[13]. Volkmann, J., Daniels, C., Witt, K. (2010) Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 6(9):487–98

[14]. Haan, S. D., Rietveld E., Stokhof, M., Denys, D. (2015). Effects of deep brain stimulation on the lived experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: In-depth interviews with 18 patients. PLoS ONE 10 (8):e0135524. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.01355

[15]. Klein, E., Goering, S., Gagne, J., Shea, C. V., Franklin, R., Zorowitz, S., … Widge, A. S. (2016) Brain-computer interface-based control of closed-loop brain stimulation: attitudes and ethical considerations. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 3(3), 140-148. doi:10.1080/2326263x.2016.1207

[16]. Mendelsohn D, Lipsman N, Bernstein M. Neurosurgeons’ perspectives on psychosurgery and neuroenhancement: a qualitative study at one center: clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2010;113:1212–1218.

[17]. Mayo Clinic. Deep brain stimulation. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/deep-brain-stimulation/about/pac-20384562.

[18]. Pham, U., Solbakk, A. K., Skogseid, I. M., et al. (2015). Personality changes after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Disease 2015: article 490507. doi:10.1155/2015/490507