References
[1]. A Harpak, N Garud , N A Rosenberg, D A Petrov, M Combs, P S Pennings, J Munshi-South, “Genetic Adaptation in New York City Rats”, Genome Biology and Evolution (2021).
[2]. K Modlinska, W Pisula, “The Natural History of Model Organisms: The Norway rat, from an obnoxious pest to a laboratory pet” (2020)
[3]. E E. Puckett, E Sherratt, M Combs, E J. Carlen, W Harcourt-Smith, J Munshi-South, “Variation in brown rat cranial shape shows directional selection over 120 years in New York City” (2020)
[4]. Panti-May JA, Carvalho-Pereira TS, Serrano S, Pedra GG, Taylor J, Pertile AC, Minter A, Airam V, Carvalho M, Júnior NN, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Childs JE, Begon M, Costa F, “A Two-Year Ecological Study of Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a Brazilian Urban Slum”, PLoS One (2016).
[5]. Walsh MG, “Rat sightings in New York City are associated with neighborhood sociodemographic, housing characteristics, and proximity to open public space”, PeerJ (2014)
[6]. M Gallanter, RD, “Food Waste: Food by the Numbers” (2020)
[7]. “Brown Rat.” The Wildlife Trusts.
[8]. E Larson, “The History of the Ivory Trade”, National Geographic (2022)
[9]. D Fine Maron, “Under poaching pressure, elephants are evolving to lose their tusks”, National Geographic (2018)
[10]. E Preston, “Tuskless Elephants Escape Poachers, but May Evolve New Problems”, The New York Times (2021)
[11]. Siebenthal, Cleo von. “This NYC Rat Map Shows Percentage of Rodent-Infested Restaurants by Neighborhood.”, First We Feast (2018)
Cite this article
Lyu,W. (2023). Effect of Human Activities on Natural Evolution. Theoretical and Natural Science,4,723-727.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
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References
[1]. A Harpak, N Garud , N A Rosenberg, D A Petrov, M Combs, P S Pennings, J Munshi-South, “Genetic Adaptation in New York City Rats”, Genome Biology and Evolution (2021).
[2]. K Modlinska, W Pisula, “The Natural History of Model Organisms: The Norway rat, from an obnoxious pest to a laboratory pet” (2020)
[3]. E E. Puckett, E Sherratt, M Combs, E J. Carlen, W Harcourt-Smith, J Munshi-South, “Variation in brown rat cranial shape shows directional selection over 120 years in New York City” (2020)
[4]. Panti-May JA, Carvalho-Pereira TS, Serrano S, Pedra GG, Taylor J, Pertile AC, Minter A, Airam V, Carvalho M, Júnior NN, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Childs JE, Begon M, Costa F, “A Two-Year Ecological Study of Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a Brazilian Urban Slum”, PLoS One (2016).
[5]. Walsh MG, “Rat sightings in New York City are associated with neighborhood sociodemographic, housing characteristics, and proximity to open public space”, PeerJ (2014)
[6]. M Gallanter, RD, “Food Waste: Food by the Numbers” (2020)
[7]. “Brown Rat.” The Wildlife Trusts.
[8]. E Larson, “The History of the Ivory Trade”, National Geographic (2022)
[9]. D Fine Maron, “Under poaching pressure, elephants are evolving to lose their tusks”, National Geographic (2018)
[10]. E Preston, “Tuskless Elephants Escape Poachers, but May Evolve New Problems”, The New York Times (2021)
[11]. Siebenthal, Cleo von. “This NYC Rat Map Shows Percentage of Rodent-Infested Restaurants by Neighborhood.”, First We Feast (2018)