Download pdf
Comparison between Carboplatin and Afatinib in the drug treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- 1 Harrow School London, HA1 3HP, UK
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
One of the most prevalent kinds of cancer is lung cancer, and rates have been rising since the early 1900s. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most often diagnosed of all the many forms of lung cancer. Smoking plays a large role in contributing to cancer due to tobacco that damages DNA in epithelial cells. Moreover, it is rare yet proven that lung cancer can be inherited through a mutation in the EGFR gene. While Afatinib is used especially for non-small cell lung carcinoma, including the EGFR mutation, many cancers are initially treated with Carboplatin. What makes them unique, then? In essence, through their various chemical structures, they react in the body through separate mechanisms but share the same property of halting cell proliferation. Consequently, they lead to different side effects and have unique limitations when treating certain kinds of lung cancer. This review provides information about non-small cell lung cancer along with the two categories of medications that are used to treat it.
Keywords
Non-small cell lung cancer, Lung cancer mutations, Carboplatin, Afatinib
[1]. Witsch, H. (2001, November 1). Short History of Lung Cancer. Academic.oup.com. https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/64/1/4/1637703
[2]. Document.write(title_ar[p,Lang]);. healthyhk.gov.hk. (2023, January 10). https://www.healthyhk.gov.hk/phisweb/en/chart_detail/55/
[3]. Burns, D. (2014, July). Standardized incidence of lung cancer by gender and histology (age ... Changing Rates of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/ Standardized-incidence-of-lung-cancer-by-gender-and-histology-age-adjusted-to-2000-US_fig1_264054903
[4]. Ciupka, N. W. B. (2023, February 9). SCLC vs. NSCLC: What’s the difference?: NFCR Lung Cancer. NFCR. https://www.nfcr.org/blog/small-cell-lung-cancer-vs-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-whats-the-difference/
[5]. Nature Publishing Group. (n.d.). Cell Division and Cancer. Nature news. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-division-and-cancer-14046590/#:~:text=Cells%20become%20cancerous%20after%20mutations,possess%2060%20or%20more%20mutations
[6]. Gibbons, D. L., Byers, L. A., & Kurie, J. M. (2014). Smoking, p53 mutation, and lung cancer. Molecular cancer research : MCR, 12(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0539
[7]. Suntharalingam, K., A. Duarte, A., J. Mann, D., & Ramon Vilar. (2013, February 19). A platinum complex that binds non-covalently to DNA and induces cell death via a different mechanism than cisplatin. Metallomics. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ articlehtml/2013/mt/c3mt20252f
[8]. Gazdar, A., Robinson, L., Oliver, D., Xing, C., Travis, W. D., Soh, J., Toyooka, S., Watumull, L., Xie, Y., Kernstine, K., & Schiller, J. H. (2014). Hereditary lung cancer syndrome targets never smokers with germline EGFR gene T790M mutations. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 9(4), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000130
[9]. Carboplatin: 41575-94-4. ChemicalBook. (n.d.). https://www.chemicalbook.com/ ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB6702418.htm
[10]. Uniprot website fallback message. UniProt. (n.d.). https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/ P49573/entry
[11]. Sousa, G. F. de, Wlodarczyk, S. R., & Monteiro, G. (2014). Carboplatin: Molecular mechanisms of action associated with Chemoresistance. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://www.scielo.br/j/bjps/a/9F6tZpxsm7spMKjGn6Z3kvr/
[12]. Stefanou, D. T., Souliotis, V. L., Zakopoulou, R., Liontos, M., & Bamias, A. (2021, December 31). DNA damage repair: Predictor of platinum efficacy in ovarian cancer?. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/1/82
[13]. Vandergriendt, C. (2021, April 21). Long-term side effects of chemotherapy. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/long-term-side-effects-of-chemotherapy#cognitive-difficulties
[14]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021, September 15). Carboplatin Injection: Medlineplus Drug Information. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695017.html
[15]. Fotopoulou, C. (2014, December). Limitations to the use of carboplatin-based therapy in Advanced ovarian cancer. EJC supplements : EJC : official journal of EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ... [et al.]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4683379/#:~:text=There%20appear%20to%20be%20three,%2C%20renal%20toxicity%2C%20and%20ototoxicity
[16]. Alderden, R. A., Hall, M. D., & Hambley, T. W. (2006). The Discovery and Development of Cisplatin. Products of Chemistry. https://home.iitk.ac.in/~sprath/Lecture_1.pdf
[17]. F.D.Rochon. (1985, October 1). Iodo-bridged complexes of platinum(I1) and synthesis of cis mixed-amine platinum(I1) compounds . https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v86-312
[18]. Vardanyan, R. S., & Hruby, V. J. (2006). Synthesis of essential drugs. Elsevier.
[19]. Wilson, J. J., & Lippard, S. J. (2014). Synthetic methods for the preparation of platinum anticancer complexes. Chemical reviews, 114(8), 4470–4495. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr4004314
[20]. Wilson, J. J., & Lippard, S. J. (2014, April 23). Synthetic methods for the preparation of platinum anticancer complexes. Chemical reviews. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3999256/
[21]. Carboplatin prices, coupons, Copay & Patient Assistance. Drugs.com. (n.d.). https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/carboplatin
[22]. Michael Ganio, P. (2023, July 27). Pharmacy expert details causes of carboplatin/cisplatin shortage in the U.S. Cancer Network. https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/pharmacy-expert-details-causes-of-carboplatin-cisplatin-shortage-in-the-u-s-
[23]. Gilotrif (afatinib) FDA approval history. Drugs.com. (n.d.-b). https://www.drugs.com/history/gilotrif.html#:~:text=Company%3A%20Boehringer%20Ingelheim%20Pharmaceuticals%2C%20Inc
[24]. Afatinib. Afatinib CAS#: 850140-72-6. (n.d.). https://www.chemicalbook.com/ ProductChemicalPropertiesCB62507657_EN.htm
[25]. Wurglics, S.-Z. (n.d.). Neue Arzneimittel Frühjahr 2013.
[26]. Hossam, M., Lasheen, D. S., & Abouzid, K. A. (2016). Covalent EGFR Inhibitors: Binding Mechanisms, Synthetic Approaches, and Clinical Profiles. Archiv der Pharmazie, 349(8), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.201600063
[27]. Moosavi, L., & Polineni, R. (2022). Afatinib. NIH.
[28]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017, February 15). Afatinib: Medlineplus Drug Information. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a613044.html
[29]. V. Prakash Reddy, V. P. ReddyV. P. R., & are, A. therapeutics for cancer. (2015, February 20). Organofluorine compounds as anticancer agents. Organofluorine Compounds in Biology and Medicine. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ B9780444537485000095
[30]. Gilotrif prices, coupons, Copay & Patient Assistance. Drugs.com. (n.d.-c). https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/gilotrif#:~:text=Gilotrif%20Prices%2C%20Coupons%20and%20Patient,on%20the%20pharmacy%20you%20visit
Cite this article
Yeung,K.P.J. (2024). Comparison between Carboplatin and Afatinib in the drug treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Theoretical and Natural Science,44,45-56.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).