The comparison between different therapies of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 1 Southwest University
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The immune system has three basic functions: defense, surveillance and homeostasis. It helps us monitoring and timely eliminate mutant cells and distinguishing between “alien” components to maintain self-stability. However, once it loses these abilities, it could cause the autoimmune disease. In this article, I mainly discuss about the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a type of autoimmune diseases which is mediated by type Ⅲ hypersensitivity. SLE patients suffer from chronic inflammatory responses, leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Therefore, purpose of therapeutic schedule is to inhibit the overactive immune system and relieve the inflammatory response. Nowadays, there are three major therapies: Glucocorticoids (GC), immunosuppression agents and belimumab. Glucocorticoids suppresses inflammatory responses and generate anti-inflammatory factors. Immunosuppression agents can not only control SLE and raise the survival rate of long-term prognosis for SLE patients. Belimumab inhibits the survival of B cells by obstructing the interaction between soluble B cell activating factor (BAFF or BLys) and receptors on B cells. This action promotes the apoptosis of auto-reactive B cells, leading to a decrease in auto-antibodies present in the serum. With the development of biotechnology, more and more advanced treatments have emerged and brings new hope to SLE patients.
Keywords
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune disease, belimumab
[1]. Pisetsky, D.S. Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 19, 509–524 (2023).
[2]. Meneghini, M., Bestard, O., & Grinyo, J. M. (2021). Immunosuppressive drugs modes of action. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 54-55, 101757.
[3]. Dumont, F. J., & Su, Q. (1996). Mechanism of action of the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Life sciences, 58(5), 373–395.
[4]. Sazonova, E.V., Chesnokov, M.S., Zhivotovsky, B. et al. Drug toxicity assessment: cell proliferation versus cell death. Cell Death Discov. 8, 417 (2022).
[5]. Hansel, T., Kropshofer, H., Singer, T. et al. The safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 9, 325–338 (2010).
[6]. Olesińska, M., & Saletra, A. (2018). Quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus and its measurement. Reumatologia, 56(1), 45–54.
[7]. Paredes-Ruiz, D., Ruiz-Irastorza, G., & Amoura, Z. (2023). Systemic lupus erythematosus and glucocorticoids: A never-ending story?. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 101873. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2023.101873
[8]. Téllez Arévalo AM, Quaye A, Rojas-Rodríguez LC, Poole BD, Baracaldo-Santamaría D, Tellez Freitas CM. Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;59(1):56. Published 2022 Dec 27. doi:10.3390/medicina59010056
[9]. Brian P. O’Connor, Vanitha S. Raman, Loren D. Erickson, W. James Cook, Lehn K. Weaver, Cory Ahonen, Ling-Li Lin, George T. Mantchev, Richard J. Bram, Randolph J. Noelle; BCMA Is Essential for the Survival of Long-lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells . J Exp Med 5 January 2004; 199 (1): 91–98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20031330
[10]. Seshasayee D, Valdez P, Yan M, Dixit VM, Tumas D, Grewal IS. Loss of TACI causes fatal lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, establishing TACI as an inhibitory BLyS receptor. Immunity. 2003;18(2):279-288. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00025-6
[11]. von Bülow GU, van Deursen JM, Bram RJ. Regulation of the T-independent humoral response by TACI. Immunity. 2001;14(5):573-582. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00130-3
[12]. Cancro MP, D’Cruz DP, Khamashta MA. The role of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1066-1073. doi:10.1172/JCI38010
[13]. Navarra SV, Guzmán RM, Gallacher AE, et al. Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9767):721-731. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61354-2
[14]. Furie R, Petri M, Zamani O, et al. A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(12):3918-3930. doi:10.1002/ art.30613
[15]. Ho, Dean et al. “Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine.” Trends in biotechnology vol. 38,5 (2020): 497-518. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021
Cite this article
Yang,Y. (2024). The comparison between different therapies of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus . Theoretical and Natural Science,49,9-15.
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Disclaimer/Publisher's Note
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
About volume
Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science
© 2024 by the author(s). Licensee EWA Publishing, Oxford, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Authors who
publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this
series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published
version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial
publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and
during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See
Open access policy for details).