The History, Current Status, and Future Challenges of HIV Vaccine Development
- 1 School of Sinocanada, Suzhou, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This paper reviews the history and current status of HIV vaccine development, analyzes recent research progress and challenges, and explores potential breakthroughs and future directions. Since peaking in 1997, the global incidence of HIV has declined, yet the number of infections and mortality rates remain high. HIV has a significant impact on individuals and societies, and its high variability and immune evasion mechanisms present substantial challenges for vaccine development. Current HIV vaccines include viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, protein vaccines, and mRNA vaccines, each facing unique scientific and technological challenges. Recent clinical trials of HIV vaccines have shown significant progress, but their efficacy and safety require further validation. Public trust in vaccines and prioritization strategies for high-risk populations pose social and ethical challenges in vaccine deployment. Future research will focus on novel vaccine technologies, innovative immunization strategies, and global collaboration and resource integration. Through continuous scientific efforts and international cooperation, it is anticipated that a successful HIV vaccine will eventually be created to manage and eliminate this worldwide epidemic.
Keywords
HIV vaccine, viral variability, immune escape, clinical trials, global cooperation.
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Cite this article
Tian,R. (2024). The History, Current Status, and Future Challenges of HIV Vaccine Development. Theoretical and Natural Science,61,35-44.
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