Possible identification of gender based on fingerprint

Research Article
Open access

Possible identification of gender based on fingerprint

J. Gobadze 1 , M. Nagervadze 2 , S. Tskvitinidze 3 , G. Khutsishvili 4 , G. Nagervadze 5 , M. Koridze 6 , R. Khukhunaishvili 7*
  • 1 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 3 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 4 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 5 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 6 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • 7 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili/Rustaveli Street 35/32, Batumi 6010, Adjara, Georgia, +995 (422) 27-17-86    
  • *corresponding author rusudan.khukhunaishvili@bsu.edu.ge
Published on 22 November 2024 | https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/62/20241457
TNS Vol.62
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-83558-727-0
ISBN (Online): 978-1-83558-728-7

Abstract

The current research presents that the fingerprinting method might be used for gender identification. The study involved 270 individuals allocated into two age groups, 12-24 years and 40-70 years old. Fingerprint relief of the research participants has been studied through the so-called pencil method. One of the factors that indicated a decline in participation in the survey was the damaged relief of the finger, signifying that not everyone had equal access to fingerprinting. Fingerprints were taken from the left and right thumbs of participants. White lines on the surface of the fingerprint were observed as an identification marker. The study revealed that the above-mentioned white lines were dominant in the fingerprints of female individuals with 71.17% of the total studied participants, while in males this indicator amounted to 29.81%. The obtained results of conducted research, allow us to assume the fingerprint white line ratio as an additional gender identification method.

Keywords:

Fingerprint, gender identification, white lines.

Gobadze,J.;Nagervadze,M.;Tskvitinidze,S.;Khutsishvili,G.;Nagervadze,G.;Koridze,M.;Khukhunaishvili,R. (2024). Possible identification of gender based on fingerprint. Theoretical and Natural Science,62,19-23.
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1. Introduction

Fingerprints due to their unique characteristics of absolute individuality are used as one of the significant methods of identification of individuals (1) in both civil and criminal cases (2), as well it are considered as significant human biometric traits, accordingly (3). Fingerprint formation initiates during embryonic development and remains permanent throughout the entire lifespan of human beings (4), (5), (6). Due to the Structural characteristics of a living being, there is no possibility of finding two identical parts of the body. This fact is defined by the influence of external and internal factors and It’s natural that those factors affect the development of particular organs, among them the human skin epidermis. Fingerprints developed on the skin are not possible to duplicate, because of this there is no chance to coincide even in identical tweens (7), (8). The uniqueness of the skin certainly manifests itself in the period of early embryonic development. Fingerprints are formed in the 10th to 11th week of fetal development and continue formation in the second trimester of embryogenesis. From a scientific viewpoint, fingerprints are an interesting research object as one of the additional methods of gender identification. The relief of fingerprints and their unique individuality have been triggering great interest before and triggers nowadays within a wide board of scientists, however, despite many studies, the exact method for gender identification based on fingerprints has not yet been fully accomplished. Various scientific researches indicate that on the relief of the finger in the majority of females can be observed so-called „white lines“, that are supposedly possible to be used for gender identification (9), (10). The main goal of the current study was to identify gender based on fingerprints in the Georgian population. In previous research, the profile of fingerprints has been studied in the same population (11).

2. Research materials and methods

In the current study, the fingerprints of 270 individuals have been studied within two age categories: 12-24 and 40-70 age groups. Research participants were provided with information about the survey before obtaining their consent, that related to their participation in the current study. Involvement of the volunteers below ≤18 has been done with the consent of their parents. Research materials were collected in 2021-2022.

One of the factors that indicated a decline in participation in the survey was the damaged relief of the finger, suggesting that not everyone had equal access to fingerprinting. Fingerprinting was only available on the thumbs of right and left hands during the survey.

During the research, a B2-type pencil, A4 sheet, and adhesive tape have been used. The research procedure is presented in the illustration below. After obtaining fingerprint samples, white lines were observed (Fig. 1,2). The obtained material was studied and processed statistically. Ratios between groups were compared with a Chi-square analysis of proportions. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

/word/media/image1.jpeg

Figure 1. The main steps of fingerprinting

/word/media/image2.jpeg

Figure 2. The white lines on the fingerprint pattern.

3. Results

Out of a total of 270 individuals, 215 (79.63%) fingerprint samples were from individuals within the 12-24 age group, among them 111 (51.63%) being female and 104 (48.37%) male. The remaining 55 (20.37%) individuals belonged to the 40-70 age group, in which 25 (45.46%) individuals were males and 30 (54.54%) were females (Table 1). The chi-square statistic is 0.1494. The p-value is .699096.

Table 1. Participants in the current study

Participants age categories

n

%

Gender

N

%

12-24 age group

215

79.63

Female

111

51.63

Male

104

48.37

40-70 age group

55

20.37

Female

30

54.54

Male

25

45.46%

Total

270

99.97

270

In the table given below (Table 2) the number of white lines in correlation with gender is differentiated, and it is certainly obvious, that, 54% of female representatives have white lines on their right and left thumbs fingerprints if we do not consider the number of additional white lines that were found only on the right or left thumb.4,96% of the females (n=7) White lines presented only on right thumb; 9,22% (n=13) case of females have white lines only on left thumb. 31,21% (n=44) case females do not have any white lines on both fingers. The majority of the males (60,47) don’t have white lines on the fingers (78/129). The chi-square statistic is 38.3783. The p-value is < 0.00001. The result is significant at p < .05.

Table 2. Comparison of white lines according to gender

Number of white lines on both fingers

Number of white lines only on Right thumb

Number of white lines only

on left thumb

Not presented on non of the fingers

Total

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Female

77

54,61

7

4,96

13

9,22

44

31,21

141

100

Male

23

20,93

10

7,75

14

10,85

78

60,47

129

100

Table 3 presents the domination of white line amounts in the 12 – 24 age females' fingerprints, except of this it should be also mentioned that the number of white lines was more on the left thumbs of individuals (Table 3). The chi-square statistic is 41.2033. The p-value is < 0.00001. The result is significant at p < .05.

Table 3. Comparison of white lines according to gender in the 12 – 24 age categories.

Number of white lines on both fingers

Number of white lines only on Right thumb

Number of white lines only

on left thumb

Not presented on non of the fingers

Total

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Female

18

60

0

0

0

0

12

40

30

100

Male

1

4

5

20

4

16

15

60

25

100

In Table 4, besides the excess number of white lines in the females, a new occasion was also observed, on the fingerprints of the female representatives aged 40-70, white lines were visible either on both thumbs or none. Regarding males, here the statistics are again decreasing compared to the females (Table 4). Only 28,83% (32/111) of the studied females don’t have white lines in the fingerprint pattern of thumbs. 73 studied males out of 104 (70,19%) don’t have any white lines.

Table 4. Comparison of white lines according to gender in the 40-70 age categories.

Number of white lines on both fingers

Number of white lines only on Right thumb

Number of white lines only

on left thumb

Not presented on non of the fingers

Total

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Female

59

53,15

7

6,31

13

11,71

32

28,83

111

100

Male

16

15,38

5

4,81

10

9,62

73

70,19

104

100

4. Conclusion

Based on the conducted research and obtained results, we can conclude, that in the fingerprints of a total 270 studied individuals, an identification marker – white lines have been revealed in 71.17% of females, while in males it was equaled to 29.81 % only. In addition to the overall indicator, the above-mentioned marker was more obvious in the 40-70 age category, since the current research was conducted in two, 12-24 and 40-70 age groups. Of course, the current research method of fingerprinting is not a hundred percent trustful indicator of gender identification, However, the obtained results of conducted research allow us to use the fingerprint white line ratio as an additional gender identification method.


References

[1]. Kuznetsov D. Identification of a Personality. Siemens E, Mehtiyev AD, Syryamkin VI, Yurchenko AV, editors. MATEC Web Conf. 2018;155:01018.

[2]. Meier RJ. Anthropological dermatoglyphics: A review. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1980;23(S1):147–78.

[3]. Syryamkim VI, Kuznetsov DN, Kuznetsova AS. Biometric identification. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2018 May;363:012005.

[4]. Lh A, Mg T. Embryogenesis and Applications of Fingerprints- a review. Kitahara S, editor. Int J Hum Anat. 2017 Jun 27;1(1):1–8.

[5]. Wertheim K. EMBRYOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF FRICTION RIDGE SKIN. :26.

[6]. Kücken M, Newell AC. A model for fingerprint formation. Europhys Lett EPL. 2004 Oct;68(1):141–6.

[7]. Tao X, Chen X, Yang X, Tian J. Fingerprint Recognition with Identical Twin Fingerprints. Zuo XN, editor. PLoS ONE. 2012 Apr 27;7(4):e35704.

[8]. Jain AK, Prabhakar S, Pankanti S. On the similarity of identical twin fingerprints. Pattern Recognit. 2002 Nov;35(11):2653–63.

[9]. Chukwuma AL. Gender Prediction from the Primary Fingerprint Pattern: A Study among Medical Students in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Biomed J Sci Tech Res [Internet]. 2020 Jul 21 [cited 2021 Sep 9];29(1). Available from: https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.004739.php

[10]. Verma M, Agarwal S. Fingerprint Based Male-Female Classification. In: Corchado E, Zunino R, Gastaldo P, Herrero Á, editors. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems CISIS’08 [Internet]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2009 [cited 2021 Sep 20]. p. 251–7. (Advances in Soft Computing; vol. 53). Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-540-88181-0_32

[11]. Marina Nagervadze, Jilda Gobadze , Sophiko Tskvitinidze, Rusudan Khukhunaishvili , Ketevan Dolidze , Leila Akhvlediani , Tea Koiava , Marina Koridze. FINGERPRINT DISTRIBUTION FEATURES IN THE POPULATION OF ADJARA (GEORGIA). International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) Vol 10. No .1, February 2023.


Cite this article

Gobadze,J.;Nagervadze,M.;Tskvitinidze,S.;Khutsishvili,G.;Nagervadze,G.;Koridze,M.;Khukhunaishvili,R. (2024). Possible identification of gender based on fingerprint. Theoretical and Natural Science,62,19-23.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Volume title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science

ISBN:978-1-83558-727-0(Print) / 978-1-83558-728-7(Online)
Editor:Alan Wang
Conference website: https://2024.icbiomed.org/
Conference date: 25 October 2024
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.62
ISSN:2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. Kuznetsov D. Identification of a Personality. Siemens E, Mehtiyev AD, Syryamkin VI, Yurchenko AV, editors. MATEC Web Conf. 2018;155:01018.

[2]. Meier RJ. Anthropological dermatoglyphics: A review. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1980;23(S1):147–78.

[3]. Syryamkim VI, Kuznetsov DN, Kuznetsova AS. Biometric identification. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2018 May;363:012005.

[4]. Lh A, Mg T. Embryogenesis and Applications of Fingerprints- a review. Kitahara S, editor. Int J Hum Anat. 2017 Jun 27;1(1):1–8.

[5]. Wertheim K. EMBRYOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF FRICTION RIDGE SKIN. :26.

[6]. Kücken M, Newell AC. A model for fingerprint formation. Europhys Lett EPL. 2004 Oct;68(1):141–6.

[7]. Tao X, Chen X, Yang X, Tian J. Fingerprint Recognition with Identical Twin Fingerprints. Zuo XN, editor. PLoS ONE. 2012 Apr 27;7(4):e35704.

[8]. Jain AK, Prabhakar S, Pankanti S. On the similarity of identical twin fingerprints. Pattern Recognit. 2002 Nov;35(11):2653–63.

[9]. Chukwuma AL. Gender Prediction from the Primary Fingerprint Pattern: A Study among Medical Students in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Biomed J Sci Tech Res [Internet]. 2020 Jul 21 [cited 2021 Sep 9];29(1). Available from: https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.004739.php

[10]. Verma M, Agarwal S. Fingerprint Based Male-Female Classification. In: Corchado E, Zunino R, Gastaldo P, Herrero Á, editors. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems CISIS’08 [Internet]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2009 [cited 2021 Sep 20]. p. 251–7. (Advances in Soft Computing; vol. 53). Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-540-88181-0_32

[11]. Marina Nagervadze, Jilda Gobadze , Sophiko Tskvitinidze, Rusudan Khukhunaishvili , Ketevan Dolidze , Leila Akhvlediani , Tea Koiava , Marina Koridze. FINGERPRINT DISTRIBUTION FEATURES IN THE POPULATION OF ADJARA (GEORGIA). International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) Vol 10. No .1, February 2023.