Bias in Search Engine: the Case of Google and a Workshop Solution

Research Article
Open access

Bias in Search Engine: the Case of Google and a Workshop Solution

Ruixin Huang 1* , Jiatian Li 2 , Qi Luo 3
  • 1 School of Computer Science, the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 (post), Malaysia    
  • 2 School of Arts, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong    
  • 3 School of Computer Science, the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT (post), the UK    
  • *corresponding author S2011472@siswa.um.edu.my
TNS Vol.5
ISSN (Print): 2753-8826
ISSN (Online): 2753-8818
ISBN (Print): 978-1-915371-53-9
ISBN (Online): 978-1-915371-54-6

Abstract

The search engine (SE) is a senseless artificial program. SE matches the user's information demands with the input information and then provides an ordered list of answers. However, the outputs are frequently subjected to bias, which can affect the depiction of issues like gender inequality. Studies have shown that search engines may unconsciously inherit biases from their creators and users throughout their life cycle. In this paper, focused on Google as our research case, we evaluate and summarize different factors that can lead to the bias issue. The factors are depicted in computer science social domains. And in response to these causes, we propose a workshop idea to raise awareness of the problem of search engine discrimination, especially regarding gender issues. Based on our current workshop solution, we also list some potential improvements.

Keywords:

The Search engine, Google, Bias, Gender bias, Workshop.

Huang,R.;Li,J.;Luo,Q. (2023). Bias in Search Engine: the Case of Google and a Workshop Solution. Theoretical and Natural Science,5,156-162.
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References

[1]. A T. Seymour, D. Frantsvog, and S. Kumar, History of search engines, International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-58, 2011.

[2]. S. R. Department. Google - Statistics & Facts, https://www.statista.com/topics/1001/google/#dossierKeyfigures.

[3]. Bartoletti, An Artificial Revolution: On Power, Politics and AI. The Indigo Press, 2020.

[4]. C. E. Shannon, A mathematical theory of communication, The Bell system technical journal, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 379-423, 1948.

[5]. Singhal, Search, plus Your World, Search, plus Your World, January 10, 2012, Google, 2012.

[6]. F. Liu, C. Yu, and W. Meng, Personalized web search for improving retrieval effectiveness, IEEE Transactions on knowledge and data engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2004.

[7]. C. Liang, User profile for personalized web search. pp. 1847-1850.

[8]. C. I. Eke, A. A. Norman, L. Shuib, and H. F. Nweke, A survey of user profiling: State-of-the-art, challenges, and solutions, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 144907-144924, 2019.

[9]. M. Spencer, " Just Google It:" Keywords, Digital Marketing, and the Professional Writer, 2019.

[10]. P. Chebolu, and P. Melsted, PageRank and the random surfer model. pp. 1010-1018.

[11]. P. Rai, and A. Lal, Google pagerank algorithm: Markov chain model and hidden Markov model, 138, no. 9, pp. 9-13, 2016.

[12]. E. M. H. Alkhalifa, Investigating bias in the page ranking approach. pp. 294-297.

[13]. G. Greenwald, and M. R. Banaji, Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, Psychological review, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 4, 1995.

[14]. Ramsden, and A. Bate, Using word clouds in teaching and learning, University of Bath. Retrieved December, vol. 18, pp. 2009, 2008.

[15]. Böttcher, K. Schlierkamp, V. Thurner, and D. Zehetmeier, Teaching abstraction. pp. 357-364.

[16]. R. Goodman, Making majority culture, A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan, vol. 5, pp. 59-72, 2005.

Cite this article

Huang,R.;Li,J.;Luo,Q. (2023). Bias in Search Engine: the Case of Google and a Workshop Solution. Theoretical and Natural Science,5,156-162.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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About volume

Volume title: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Innovation and Applied Physics (CONF-CIAP 2023)

ISBN：978-1-915371-53-9(Print) / 978-1-915371-54-6(Online)
Editor：Marwan Omar, Roman Bauer
Conference website: https://www.confciap.org/
Conference date: 25 March 2023
Series: Theoretical and Natural Science
Volume number: Vol.5
ISSN：2753-8818(Print) / 2753-8826(Online)

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References

[1]. A T. Seymour, D. Frantsvog, and S. Kumar, History of search engines, International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-58, 2011.

[2]. S. R. Department. Google - Statistics & Facts, https://www.statista.com/topics/1001/google/#dossierKeyfigures.

[3]. Bartoletti, An Artificial Revolution: On Power, Politics and AI. The Indigo Press, 2020.

[4]. C. E. Shannon, A mathematical theory of communication, The Bell system technical journal, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 379-423, 1948.

[5]. Singhal, Search, plus Your World, Search, plus Your World, January 10, 2012, Google, 2012.

[6]. F. Liu, C. Yu, and W. Meng, Personalized web search for improving retrieval effectiveness, IEEE Transactions on knowledge and data engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2004.

[7]. C. Liang, User profile for personalized web search. pp. 1847-1850.

[8]. C. I. Eke, A. A. Norman, L. Shuib, and H. F. Nweke, A survey of user profiling: State-of-the-art, challenges, and solutions, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 144907-144924, 2019.

[9]. M. Spencer, " Just Google It:" Keywords, Digital Marketing, and the Professional Writer, 2019.

[10]. P. Chebolu, and P. Melsted, PageRank and the random surfer model. pp. 1010-1018.

[11]. P. Rai, and A. Lal, Google pagerank algorithm: Markov chain model and hidden Markov model, 138, no. 9, pp. 9-13, 2016.

[12]. E. M. H. Alkhalifa, Investigating bias in the page ranking approach. pp. 294-297.

[13]. G. Greenwald, and M. R. Banaji, Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, Psychological review, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 4, 1995.

[14]. Ramsden, and A. Bate, Using word clouds in teaching and learning, University of Bath. Retrieved December, vol. 18, pp. 2009, 2008.

[15]. Böttcher, K. Schlierkamp, V. Thurner, and D. Zehetmeier, Teaching abstraction. pp. 357-364.

[16]. R. Goodman, Making majority culture, A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan, vol. 5, pp. 59-72, 2005.

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